UNIT 8 THE WORLD AT WAR

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UNIT 8THE WORLD AT WAR

• SSWH16 The student will demonstrate an
  understanding of long-term causes of World War I
  and its global impact.
• a. Identify the causes of the war include Balkan
  nationalism, entangling alliances, and
  militarism.
• b. Describe conditions on the war front for
  soldiers include the Battle of Verdun.
• c. Explain the major decisions made in the
  Versailles Treaty include German reparations and
  the mandate system that replaced Ottoman control.
  
• d. Analyze the destabilization of Europe in the
  collapse of the great empires include the
  Romanov and Hapsburg dynasties.

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WORLD WAR I

• WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT WORLD WAR I?

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WORLD WAR I

• http//www.watchknowlearn.org/Video.aspx?VideoID3
  6611CategoryID3903

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WORLD WAR I

• World War I (WWI) was a global war centred in
  Europe
• 1914 1918
• AKA , Great War
• involved all the world's great powers
• two opposing alliances
• 1. the Allies (formerly the Triple Entente of the
  United Kingdom, France and Russia)
• 2. the Central Powers (formerly Triple Alliance
  of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
• These alliances were both reorganized and
  expanded as more nations entered the war Italy,
  Japan and the United States joined the Allies,
  and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria the Central
  Powers

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CAUSE OF WORLD WAR I

• M
• A
• I
• N

• MILITARISM
• ALLIANCES
• IMPERIALISM
• NATIONALISM

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MILITARISM

• WHAT IS MILITARISM?
• BUILDING UP ALL PARTS OF MILITARY
• COMPETITION BETWEEN GREAT POWERS

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ALLIANCES

• ALLIED POWERS V. CENTRAL POWERS
• UK, FR, RU V. GER, AU-HUN, BUL, OE
• RECALL, ITALY SWITCHED SIDES

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• TRIPLE ENTENTE
• LATER, ALLIED POWERS
• UNITED KINGDOM, GB
• FRANCE
• RUSSIA (RUSSIAN EMPIRE)
• SERBIA
• JAPAN
• UNITED STATES
• ITALY

• TRIPLE ALLIANCE
• LATER, CENTRAL POWERS
• GERMANY
• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
• ITALY
• OTTOMAN EMPIRE
• BULGARIA
• (ALL EMPIRES, SOME EXCEPTIONS, ITALY SWITCHED
  PRIOR TO OUTBREAK OF WAR)

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IMPERIALISM

• GREAT POWERS SET UP COLONIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA
  FOR RESOURCES AND DOMINANCE.
• WEALTH, DOMINANCE RESULTED IN LARGER MILITARIES
• ALL THE MAINS ARE CONNECTED.

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NATIONALISM

• LOYALITY TO ONES COUNTRY, NATION DEVOTION TO
  HISTORY, CULTURE, LAND, ETHNICITY
• BALKAN NATIONALISM

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• Geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern
  Europe
• Many linguistic families meet in the region,
  including the Slavic, Romance, Hellenic,
  Albanian, and Turkic language families
• The main religion is Orthodox Christianity,
  followed by Catholic Christianity and Sunni Islam

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• Balkanization
• describes the process of fragmentation or
  division of a region or state into smaller
  regions or states that are often hostile or
  non-cooperative with each other

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• IMMEDIATE CAUSE
• ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND, HEIR
  TO THE THRONE OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
• BY WHOM? GAVRILO PRINCIP, FROM SERBIA HE WAS A
  SERBIAN TERRORIST AND MEMBER OF THE BLACK HAND
• BLACK HAND SUPPORTED A GREATER SERBIA AND
  EXPANSION OF A LARGER SLAVIC STATE

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THE BATTLEFRONT

• Trench warfare begins (19141915)
• STALEMATE!!!
• Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed
  infantry advances
• Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s,
  coupled with machine guns, made crossing open
  ground extremely difficult
• The Germans were the first to use lethal poison
  gas on a large scale it soon became used by both
  sides, though it never proved decisive in winning
  a battle. Its effects were brutal, causing slow
  and painful death, and poison gas became one of
  the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of
  the war
• Commanders on both sides failed to develop
  tactics for breaching entrenched positions
  without heavy casualties. In time, however,
  technology began to produce new offensive
  weapons, such as the tank
• The Battle of Verdun, 1916, one of the major
  battles during the First World War on the Western
  Front
• French victory

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• According to contemporary estimates, Verdun
  resulted in 714,231 casualties, 377,231 on the
  French side and 337,000 on the German one, an
  average of 70,000 casualties for each of the ten
  months of the battle
• It was the longest and one of the most
  devastating battles in the First World War and
  the history of warfare. Modern estimates increase
  the number of casualties to 976,000. In any case
  most of these casualties had been inflicted upon
  both sides by artillery rather than by small arms
  fire.

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THE END OF THE WARTHE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• SETTLED BY THE BIG 4 (IT, USA, FR, UK)
• one of the peace treaties at the end of World War
  I
• ended the state of war between Germany and the
  Allied Powers
• SIGNED 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the
  assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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• The other Central Powers on the German side of
  World War I were dealt with in separate treaties
• PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
• most important and controversial required Germany
  to accept responsibility for causing the war
• SEE HANDOUTS FOR HIGHLIGHTS AND RESULTS OF TREATY

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IMPORTANT PART OF TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• MANDATE SYSTEM
• mandate, an authorization granted by the League
  of Nations to a member nation to govern a former
  German or Turkish colony. The territory was
  called a mandated territory, or mandate

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• Following the defeat of Germany and Ottoman
  Turkey in World War I, their Asian and African
  possessions were distributed among the victorious
  Allied powers under the authority of Article 22
  of the Covenant of the League of Nations
• (League of Nations, an organization for
  international cooperation established at the
  initiative of the victorious Allied Powers at the
  end of World War I LIKE THE UNITED NATIONS OF
  TODAY)

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MANDATES

• THREE MANDATES
• Class A- Consisted of the former Turkish
  provinces of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine,
  FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE
• Class B-Consisted of the former German-ruled
  African colonies, FOR GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND
  BELGIUM
• Class C- consisted of various former German-held
  territories in Africa, south, and the Pacific,
  FOR SOUTH AFRICA, GREAT BRITAIN, NEW ZEALAND,
  AUSTRALIA, AND JAPAN

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RESULTS OF WORLD WAR I

• SEE HANDOUT.
• IMPORTANT!!!!
• 1)FALL OF EMPIRES AND DYNASTIES
• GERMAN EMPIRE (HOHENZOLLERN)
• RUSSIAN EMPIRE (ROMANOV)
• AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN (HAPSBURG)
• 2)INSTABILITY OF EUROPE
• 3)MAP OF EUROPE CHANGES