Islam

1
Islam

• A Basic Understanding

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Religious Terminology

• Islam
• Muslim
• Koran
• Monotheistic Religion
• Kabah
• Mosque

• Monotheistic religion based on the Koran
• Followers of Islam
• Written message given to the prophet Muhammad
  from God
• A religion worshipping only one God
• Cube shaped shrine in Mecca
• Place of worship prayer for Muslims

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Ethnic Terminology

• Arab
• Arab World
• Arabic

• Ethnic group mainly found throughout the Middle
  East and Northern Africa two major origin groups
  (Abraham Noah)
• Consists of 22 countries
• Language spoken by Arab peoples

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The Beginning of Islam

• 610 AD Muhammad receives first revelation
  begins preaching two years later
• 622 Hijrah (migration) from Mecca to Medina
  (Yathrib)
• 624 Muslim defeat of Mecca
• 632 Death of Muhammad
• Rightly Guided Caliph period begins

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Beginning of Islam (2)

• 632 34 Caliphate Abu Bakr
• 634 44 Caliphate Umar ibn al-Khattab (a)
• 638 Muslims conquer Jerusalem
• 644 Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (a)
• 656 Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib (a)
• Sunni (devout Muslim)
• Shiite (direct descendent)

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Historical Highlights

• 1099 Crusaders conquer Jerusalem
• 1288 Ottoman dynasty founded
• 1453 Memed conquers Constantinople
• 1520 Suleiman expands Empire
• 1914 WWI
• 1917 Balfour Declaration (more later)
• 1920 Ottoman Empire split between France and
  Great Britain

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Five Pillars of Islam

• There is only one God and Muhammad is his prophet
  (Shahadah)
• Prayer (5x) (Salat)
• Alms to the poor (Siyam)
• Fasting on Ramadan (Zakat)
• Journey to Mecca (Hajj)

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Islamic Contributions

• Art Literature
• Architecture (domes)
• Calligraphy
• Koran (Quran)
• The Arabian Nights
• Chemistry Medicine
• Classification (animal, mineral, vegetable)
• Hospital
• Optics

• Math
• Place value system
• Algebra
• Advanced Geometry to Trigonometry
• Astronomy Geography
• astrolabe (Greek)

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