Rise of Islam

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Rise of Islam
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Goals/Objectives

• What are the foundations of Islam?
• How did Islam spread?

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Arabian Peninsula

• Bedouins - Courage, family, warriors
• Settle in fertile areas and west
• Trade - Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean,
  Silk Road

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What is the importance of Mecca before Muhammad?

• Many worshiped at Kaaba (associated with
  Abraham)
• Allah - Belief in 1 God
• Many Christians and Jews lived here
• 570 AD - Muhammad born

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What happened to Muhammad?

• Revelations - 40 yrs old
• Voice of angel Gabriel - messenger of Allah
• Islam - Submission to will of Allah
• Muslims - One who submitted

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What did Muhammad do in 622?

• Hijra - 622 - Migration from Mecca to Medina
• Many converts
• Umma
• community of
• the faithful

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What was life like in Medina while Muhammad was
there?

• Military leader - hostility b/w M and M
• Where does Muhammad take his people?
• 630 - Return to Mecca
• Mecca surrenders

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What was Quran and what were some important
things in it?

• Holy book of Islam
• In Arabic
• Sunna - Muhammads example
• Sharia - law - regulates family life, morals,
  business
• Jihad Struggle in the way of God

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Muhammads Successors

• 1st 4 are Rightly Guided Caliphs
• After Muhammad died - Many abandon Islam

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Abu-Bakr - 1st Caliph

• Invoked Jihad
• Inner struggle against evil
• Armed struggle against non-believers

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Umar

• Muslim armies conquered Syria
• Lower Egypt (part of Byzantine)

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Uthman and Ali

• Spread Islam even further
• Not as much as Abu-Bakr and Umar
• Both murdered

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Why so Successful?

• Fought to defend Islam
• Armies disciplined
• Weakness in Byzantines and Sassanids
• Persecuted people in Empires
• Equality and economic benefit

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Conquered People

• Allowed to follow own religion
• Must pay tax
• Christians and Jews could not spread religion

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Internal Conflicts

• Uthman and Ali murdered --gt How to choose next
  caliph?
• Umayyads come to power

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Umayyad Dynasty

• Move capital to Damascus
• Easier to control conquered territories
• Surrounded with

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Sunni vs. Shia

• Most Muslims accepted Umayyads rule (Sunni)
• Followers of Muhammads rule
• Shia believed Caliph needed to be descendant
  from Prophet
• Sufi - rejected life of Umayyads.
• Life of poverty and devotion to spiritual path.

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Connect to Today

• Check Packet for basic differences between Sunni
  and Shia

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Abbasids

• Took control of empire
• Rebels overthrew Us
• Move capital to Baghdad (trade)

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Fatimids

• Independent Muslim state
• Caliphate claimed descent from Muhammads
  daughter
• N. Africa to western Arabia, Syria

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Trade Network

• Arabic
• Dinar - Single currency
• Banks in cities
• Sakks - Checks

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Expansion
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What are some links to Christianity, Judaism?

• Same God
• Jesus Prophet, not Son of God
• Trace ancestry to Abraham

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What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?

• Faith
• Prayer
• Alms
• Fasting - Ramadan
• Pilgrimage - Hajj

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What are some of their Customs?

• No Pork
• No alcohol
• Friday - Communal worship
• No priests/central religious authority

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Why is Jerusalem so important?

• Dome of the Rock
• 691
• 3rd most important city - Muhammad

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Summary Sentences

• What are the foundations of Islam?
• What is the importance of Muhammad?
• What are the basic beliefs and customs of Islam?