World War I

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Chapter 19

• World War I

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Roosevelt Corollary Speak Softly but
carry a big Stick, In the Foreign
diplomatic arena the US will not
take threats to US national Security
Lightly. We will act first then ask
the questions
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Dollar Diplomacy

• US can help countries by funneling economic
  support in the form of American dollars into
  their impoverished countries economy.

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Causes of war

• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Alliance System

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Nationalism

• A devotion to the interests and culture of ones
  nation
• Often led to competitive and antagonistic
  rivalries between countries

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Imperialism

• Countries who slowly build and extend their
  empires all around the world

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Militarism

• Growth of Militaries to protect the Empire
• Used as a tool of diplomacy

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Alliance Systems

• When Countries begin allying themselves with
  other countries
• Sometimes done secretly to avoid conflict
• Usually performed for military protection from
  invasion
• Little mans syndrome

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Two basic Allied Structures

• The Triple Entente
• France
• Britain
• Russia

• The Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy
• Ottoman Empire

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Map of Division
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The Spark that Ignited the war
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Ferdinand (Austrian) was visiting Serbia on a
  peace mission
• Grivilo Princip of the Black hand Political party
  assassinated Ferdinand
• July 28 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

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Like dominoes, one country after the other were
sucked into the war
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Trench WarfareBritain Germany
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Inside the Trench
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System of Trenches and their purpose
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What is Americas Response at the onset of war?

• Neutrality

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The War comes to America

• British Blockades
• Unrestricted U-boat warfare
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• Zimmerman Telegram

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British Blockades

• Attempting to cut German supplies
• Seized American Ships
• Restricted American trading practices
• Violated trade agreements between US and other
  European countries

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Unrestricted U-Boat warfare

• Germanys response to the blockade would be that
  their U-boats would sink any British vessel
  around the coast of France
• There would be no warning from the attackers

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The Lusitania
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"We intend to begin on the first of February
unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor
in spite of this to keep the United States of
America neutral. In the event of this not
succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or alliance
on the following basis make war together, make
peace together, generous financial support and an
understanding on our part that Mexico is to
re-conquer the lost territory in Texas, New
Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is
left to you. You will inform the President of the
above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of
war with the United States of America is certain
and add the suggestion that he should, on his own
initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence
and at the same time mediate between Japan and
ourselves. Please call the President's attention
to the fact that the ruthless employment of our
submarines now offers the prospect of compelling
England in a few months to make peace." Signed,
ZIMMERMANN.
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As a result of the previous events America has no
choice but to declare war on Germany and enter
the war
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America Mobilizes

• Selective service Act
• Mass Production

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The convoy system
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War I New weapons
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Hazards of War

• Dysentery
• Trench foot
• Toes would rot off ones foot
• Trench Mouth
• Shell Shock
• Enormous fatalities because of fighting style and
  the advancement of weapons

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Heroes

• Alvin York Eddie Rickenbacker

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Eleventh Hour on the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh
Month

• Armistice was signed

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Final Toll

• The Bloodiest Battle in History
• 37,798,686 casualties
• 20 Million wounded
• 10 Million refugees
• Total Cost was 338 billion dollars

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Fighting the War at Home

• War Industries Board WIB
• Selling the war at home Bonds
• Propaganda
• Espionage and Sedition Acts Fined up to 10,000
  and sentenced to 20 years in prison for
  interfering with the war effort

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Social Change

• The Great Migration
• Women in the workforce
• The Flu epidemic

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Woodrow Wilsons Plan

• The plan to end the war became known as the
  fourteen point plan
• All world leaders met at Versailles in Paris
• The treaty is the Treaty of Versailles

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Fourteen Point Plan

• 1. There should be no secret treaties
• 2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained
• 3. Tariffs should be lowered to promote trade
• 4. Peace time militaries should be reduced
• 5. Colonial Policies should consider the
  interests of the colonial people
• 6-13 The next eight dealt with boundary changes
• 14. Established the League of Nations
• The plan was rejected

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Signed what is today the Treaty of Versailles

• Nine new nations
• Barred Germany from maintaining an army
• Forced Germany to sign a war guilt clause
• War reparations of 33 billion to the Allies

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The War to End All Wars

• The American view of WWI

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It cannot be that 7 million Germans should have
fallen in vain No, we do not pardon, we demand
vengeance. -World War I Veteran