Development III

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Development III Outline
12/4/2007   Neuronal Survival Critical
Period Axon Guidance Regeneration in the nervous
system PNS Regeneration CNS Regeneration  
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Review Sessions AJN Monday December 10th
3-5 Room 601 Gould-Simpson Bldg.
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Fig 53-11
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Fig 53-12
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Fig 53-15
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Fig 53-16
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Fig 53-17
Fig 53-18
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Occular Dominance Columns and Critical Period
Fig 56-3
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Fig 56-4
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Fig 56-5
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Axon Guidance How do neurons make appropriate
connections?
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Sanes Fig. 5.2
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Sanes Fig 5.3A
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Sanes Fig. 5.3B
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Sanes Fig. 5.26
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Nicholls Fig. 23.24
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Fig 54-7
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Fig 54-8
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Fig 54-9
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Chen et al., TIBS 2519
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Fig 54-17
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Arp2/3 causes nucleation Wasp works with
Arp2/3 to cause nucleation Profilin enhances
polymerization Cofilin enhances
depolymerization Capping Proteins stabilize
filaments
Attraction stimulate actin polymerization Repul
sion stimulates actin depolymerization
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Effect of cyclic nucleotides
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In-Class Exercise
For each of the following mutations or
treatments, predict their effects on the actin
cytoskeleton and the ability of the axon to
follow cues. A.) always active Wasp, B.)
defective Wasp, C.) CDC42 that bound GTP for
twice as long as normal.
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Fig. 24.16
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9 day old opossum ? Regeneration 12 day old
opossum ? NO Regeneration What is the
difference?
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Problems with regeneration     Glial
scarring   Presence of inhibitory
factors   Lack of growth promoting
factors.   Maladaptive function (inappropriate
connections) loss of coordination and neuropathic
pain.   Targeted growth - not just any
growth      
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Method of Treatment Bridging Make
bridge of growth supporting material to get
around injury site Artificial material
(Bioengineering) PNS grafts
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Fig. 24.17
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Control of Growth promoting or growth inhibiting
factors BDNF, NGF Nogo, MAG
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Behar et al., Neuron 26291
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Injection of Stem Cells
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Preventing Inappropriate Connections Increased
growth alone is not enough Appropriate
connection must be made Much Physical
Therapy Problems Phantom sensations
Uncoordination Neuropathic
Pain