Please sit with your group

1
Please sit with your group
2
Keep Out!! This means you!
3
Space Management Processes

• Personal Space
• Territoriality
• Crowding
• Privacy

4
What is Privacy?

• Selective control of access to the self or to
  ones group.

Management of information about ones self
Management of social interaction
5
Managing access to the self

• Who gets access? No one, selected
• others (intimates, friends)
• How access available? What sensory
• dimensions, e.g., visual, auditory,
• tactile?

6
A person with optimal privacy

• Not a recluse
• Person who can find companionship or solitude
  easily
• Can share or halt the flow of self-related
  information

7
Measuring Privacy An Oxymoron?

• Measuring privacy by direct observation is a
  violation of the individuals privacy!!
• Use of surveys/questionnaires

8
In your groups

• Complete and score the Privacy Scale
• Compare your Privacy Profiles
• Discuss the questions

9
Privacy Classification Systems
Westin
Pedersen
Hammitt Madden
Isolation Solitude Intimacy w/family Intimacy
w/friends Anonymity Reserve
Isolation Intimacy Anonymity Individual
cognitive freedom Social cognitive freedom
Solitude Intimacy Anonymity Reserve
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Pedersens Privacy Types (6)

• Solitude being alone by oneself and free
• from observation by others.
• (2) Isolation being alone and away from
• others.

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Pedersens Privacy Types (contd)

• (3) Intimacy with family being away from
• others to maximize contacts with family.
• (4) Intimacy with friends maximizing contacts
• with friends.

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Pedersens Privacy Types (contd)

• (5) Reserve unwillingness to be with or talk
• with others, particularly strangers.
• (6) Anonymity wanting to go unnoticed in a
• crowd and not wanting to be the center
• of attention.

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Hammitt Madden

• Individual cognitive freedom
• Opportunity to do as you please and
• pay attention to what you like.
• Social cognitive freedom
• Freedom from the expectations of
• others, e.g., family, friends, boss.

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Which type of privacy is most important to you?

• Reserve
• Isolation
• Solitude
• Intimacy with family
• Intimacy with friends
• Anonymity

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Do privacy needs change with age??
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Why is privacy important???What functions does
it serve???
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Functions of Privacy

• Allows Protected Communication
• Most people prefer to communicate
• personal and/or sensitive information
• to selected others in settings offering
• privacy.

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Functions of Privacy (contd)

• Can facilitate an individuals sense of control
• Being able to control access to oneself
• enhances a persons sense of control,
• autonomy and self-determination in life.

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Functions of Privacy (contd)

• Important to our sense of self (identity)
• Privacy allows us the time and space to
  reflect on the meaning of events, to fit them
  into our meaning of the world, and to formulate a
  response to them that is consistent with our
  self-images.

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Functions of Privacy (contd)

• Allows opportunity for emotional release
• Privacy provides us opportunities to discharge
  emotional responses (e.g., crying, shouting) that
  we would prefer not to display in public.

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Altmans Model
Social Isolation (achieved privacy more than
desired privacy)
Interpersonal Control Mechanisms Personal
space Territory Verbal behavior
Nonverbal behavior
Desired Privacy (ideal)
Optimum (desired achieved)
Achieved Privacy (outcome)
3
1
2
Crowding (achieved privacy less than desired
privacy)
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What determines our desired level of privacy?
A dynamic tension
To be with others
To be alone
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Social Isolation (achieved privacy more than
desired privacy)
Interpersonal Control Mechanisms Personal
space Territory Verbal behavior
Nonverbal behavior
Desired Privacy (ideal)
Optimum (desired achieved)
Achieved Privacy (outcome)
3
1
2
Crowding (achieved privacy less than desired
privacy)