Converging Identities, Diverging Interests

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Converging Identities, Diverging Interests
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Converging Identities, Diverging Interests,
1680s-1740s

• I. Trade Commerce
• II. Politics
• III. Culture

• IV. Immigration
• V. Slavery
• VI. Conclusions

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Trade and Commerce

• I. Mercantilism
• A. Regulations
• 1. English language/crews
• 2. Trade through England taxed
• 3. Subsidies to protect British products
• II. Cash crops
• A. Rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, cotton
• III. Manufactured imports
• A. Sold back to colonies

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Politics

• I. Glorious Revolution, 1680s
• A. Liberal monarchy
• B. Salutary Neglect
• II. Representation
• A. Virtual vs. Actual
• B. Colonial governors
• III. Contentment thru 1740s

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Colonial Culture

• I. Want unique culture
• A. Colonial identity
• II. Similar to BR
• III. Feel inferior

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Age of Enlightenment

• I. Science philosophy
• A. Rxn to Christian fundamentalism
• B. Natural laws
• C. Rationality reason
• D. Improve mankind
• E. John Locke
• ?Isaac Newton
• F. Impact on Politics

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Religious Change

• N.E. Puritan, but more
• politically liberal
• South Weak Anglican Church
• Middle Most diverse

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First Great Awakening 1720s-1760s

• I. Religious revivalism
• A. Reaction to Christian fundamentalism
• Puritanism
• B. Populist/Frontier tendencies
• C. Diversity
• D. Caused many churches to split up

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Revivalism and George Whitefield

• I. Whitefield
• A. Tent gatherings
• B. Mass conversions
• II. New Lights
• A. Converts
• B. Anti-authoritarian
• III. Democratic

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Immigration

• 1700 290,000 colonists
• 1750 1.5 million
• High birth, low mortality
• Death rate 20 lower than BR
• Land, crops, trading
• No large famines

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Scots-Irish

• I. Scotland/Ireland
• II. Indentured servants
• A. Convicts/dissenters
• III. Push-pull factors
• IV. Community culture
• A. Carolinas

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Germans

• I. Push-pull
• A. Land loss
• B. Pennsylvania
• II. Convicts
• dissenters

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Benjamin Franklin

• Why should the Palatinate Boors be suffered to
  swarm into our settlements, and by herding
  together establish their languages and manners to
  the exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania,
  founded by the English, become a colony of
  Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to
  Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them, and
  will never adopt our customs, any more than they
  can acquire our complexion ?
• (PalatineSouthern Germany)

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Immigration by 1760

• Faster in South
• Squatting in the backcountry
• Chain migration
• Regional differences
• Native lands

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Colonial Slavery

• A. Labor cost
• B. Native Resistance
• Disease
• C. Access to land
• D. Race and slavery
• E. Investment
• F. Plantations

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Africa and the Slave Trade
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New Captives
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The Middle Passage

• African traders
• Barracoons
• 6-8 week trip
• Up to 25 died
• 60 from gold coast
• 5 to colonies

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Slavery in Colonies

• British West Indies, Caribbean
• South Carolina
• Profited all colonies
• Slave codes

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Early Resistance

• Stono Rebellion, 1739
• South Carolina
• Angola
• Dozens killed
• Increased fear and oppression

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Conclusions

• Reactions to religious fundamentalism
• Immigration generations of colonists
• Salutary Neglect
• Colonial identity
• Growth of slavery
• Native communities
• Enlightenment