4 Waves of Immigration

1
4 Waves of Immigration

• 17th and 18th centuries
• English, Dutch, Scandianavian
• 18th and early 19th centuries
• Add Scots-Irish, German, African

2

• 1840s
• a. Irish Catholics/Irish
• population in Ireland drops from 8 million
• to 6 million
• b. Germans
• After 1848 revolution
• 1880s-1914
• Southern and Eastern European

3
Irish

• 1815-1840
• 800,000 to 1 million move to North America
• all classes and occupations
• 1845-1855
• 1.8 million arrive
• poorer than previous arrivals
• typically Catholic

4
How the Irish Became White

• N_____ inside out
• smoked Irish

5
San Patricios (St. Patrick)

• Irish unit fought for Mexico in the Mexican War
• Catholic religion a factor in creating
  solidarity with Mexico
• Settle in TexasSan Patricio County

6
Typical Irish Occupations

• Build infrastructure
• Roads
• Canals
• Railroads
• Used in South instead of valuable slaves
• All other occupations as well

7
Germans

• 1709/10 Palatine Germans
• Responded to rumor that Queen Anne would settle
  them in American colonies
• Protestant
• Sent to upstate New York
• Gather naval stores for the British
• Buffer zone between British and French

8
Other Germans

• Pennsylvania and other middle colonies most
  common
• Redemptioners work 4-7 years for passage
• Conestoga wagon

9

• 1783
• Approximately 5,000 Hessian soldiers who had
  fought with the British opt to stay in the
  colonies after the American Revolution
• 1790
• --Pennsylvania 33 German
• --Maryland 12 German
• Many Catholics

10
1848-1850s

• Failed revolutions in German states
• Thousands flee to U.S.
• Impoverished
• Leaders of the revolutions
• Prosperous who fear future political turmoil

11

• Many of the 1848-50s group enter the United
  States through New Orleans
• Settle along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
• St. Louis, Louisville, Cincinnati, southern
  Indiana

12

• 1850-1860
• Approximately 1 million Germans moved to the
  United States
• 1854
• 215,000 Germans in that year alone