ALKALI METALS

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CHAPTER 6
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ALKALI METALS

• Group 1
• Alkali comes from the Arabic word meaning ashes.
  
• Shiny solids
• malleable, ductile. Good conductors of
  electricity
• soft enough to be cut by a knife
• highly reactive with water and air
• stored in oil
• reactivity increases going down the group
• produce ions with a 1 charge

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ALKALINE EARTH METALS

• Group 2
• name derived from the chemists of the Middle
  Ages
• higher densities and melting points than the
  alkali metals
• not as reactive as the alkali metals
• react with water
• produce ions with a 2 charge
• occur naturally in mineral deposits

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TRANSITION METALSTHE D BLOCK

• play an important role in living organisms
• strong structural materials
• high densities and high melting points

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TRANSITION METALSTHE D BLOCK

• Alloy- a solid solution of two metals mixed
  together
• Coinage Metals- Copper Silver Gold
• primary use used to be making coins
• tin copper ? bronze
• zinc copper ? brass

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TRANSITION METALSTHE D BLOCK

• What is patina?
• the amount of gold in an alloy is expressed in
  karats
• pure gold is 24 karats
• karats x 100 of gold in alloy
• 24

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INNER TRANSITION METALSTHE F BLOCK

• 4f Lanthanides
• 5f Actinides

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INNER TRANSITION METALSTHE F BLOCK

• Lanthanides
• those elements are very similar to one another
• lose 3e- to form 3 ions
• soft silvery metals
• not as reactive as the alkaline earth metals
• primary use is to make special steel alloys

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INNER TRANSITION METALSTHE F BLOCK

• Actinides
• all isotopes of the se elements are radioactive
• only Thorium and uranium occur naturally all of
  the other elements are artificial (produced by
  nuclear bombardment reactions)

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THE P BLOCK

• the p block contains
• metals and non-metals

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THE P BLOCK

• Boron Group
• form 3 ions
• aluminum is the 3rd most abundant element in the
  Earths crust
• aluminum ranks 2nd in production and consumption

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THE P BLOCK

• Carbon Group
• carbon is a major component of fossil fuels
• compounds made of carbon and hydrogen are called
  hydrocarbons
• silicon is the 2nd most abundant element in the
  Earths crust
• many rocks are made of silicates (silicon
  oxygen)
• the Romans used lead for plumbing pipes
• lead comes from the Latin word plumbum, and
  therefore the symbol is Pb

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THE P BLOCK

• Oxygen Group
• oxygen is the most abundant element in the
  earths crust
• oxygen makes up 23 of the mass of the air
• combines with the most elements to form compounds
  called oxides
• O3 is ozone, in the upper atmosphere it protects
  us from the Suns ultraviolet radiation
• sulfur containing compounds smell like rotten
  eggs
• small amounts of sulfur are added to natural gas
  (which is odorless) so that gas l leaks can be
  detected
• sulfur is primarily used to produce sulfuric acid

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THE P BLOCK

• Nitrogen Group
• nitrogen makes up 80 of the Earths atmosphere
• nitrogen is used in the manufacturing of
  fertilizers

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HALOGENS

• in the Greek language, halogen means salt
  former
• all of the halogens exist in elemental form as
  diatomic molecules
• F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• halogens are highly reactive
• the react with metals and many non-metals
• they do not occur as free elements in nature
• they are highly reactive because by adding one
  more electron they will fill their valence shell
  and satisfy the Octet Rule

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NOBLE GASES

• noble gases are the least reactive elements
• they have a full valence shell and satisfy the
  Octet Rule
• Argon makes up 1 of the Earths atmosphere
• Argon forms no compounds and
• means lazy one in Greek
• Helium, Neon, and Argon do not form compounds
• Helium has the lowest boiling point of any known
  substance (-269C)
• Helium is the coldest refrigerant available

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HYDROGEN

• hydrogen exists as a gas
• colorless, odorless and exists as H2
• hydrogen is light enough to escape the Earths
  gravitational attraction
• most of the Earths hydrogen is combined with
  oxygen as water (H2O)
• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the
  UNIVERSE!!!