Computer Graphics 3 Lecture 6: Other Hardware-Based Extensions

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Computer Graphics 3Lecture 6Other
Hardware-Based Extensions
Dr. Benjamin Mora
University of Wales Swansea
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Benjamin Mora
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Multiple Render Targets/Draw arrays

• Can output several colors per pixel.
• Application Deferred shading.

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High Dynamic Range

• 10, 16, 32 bits pixel color precision.
• Lighting with higher dynamic range.
• Previously dealing with clamped colors.

University of Wales Swansea
www.tomshardware.com
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Render-To-Texture

• For Multi-pass renderings.
• Different extensions.
• Allows mapping the current frame buffer directly
  into a texture.
• Previous approach needed a copy into main memory.
• Application Mirroring, shadow mapping, etc

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DirectX
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History

• Introduced in 1995 with Windows95.
• With DOS, the programmer had to take into
  consideration the different devices in his code.
• Standardization of the APIs.
• Different parts
• Direct show, DirectInput, DirectPlay,
  DirectSound, DirectMusic, Direct3D
• Direct3D quickly competed with OpenGL.
• Fast evolutions.
• Fahrenheit (Merging GL and D3D) in 1998 was a
  failure

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History

• Communications with hardware are made through
  device drivers.
• The OS maker creates the driver specifications
  (or API) for the different devices supported.
• The hardware manufacturer implements the drivers
  (respecting the specs).
• The lambda programmer uses the API functions to
  get access to the hardware functionalities.
• As such, the OS maker can give a trend to the
  technology.
• 8 major releases between 1995-2002. 2 major
  releases between 2003-2007.

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Direct3D 10

• DirectX 10 Introduced with Vista.
• Not Available under XP.
• Virtual Memory model for graphics memory.

Picture 1 DirectX10 (Crysis)
Picture 2 DirectX9 (Halo Combat Evolved)
http//www.gamesforwindows.com/en-US/AboutGFW/Page
s/DirectX10.aspx
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Direct3D 10

• Resources
• http//msdn.microsoft.com/DirectX
• Samples and tutorials.
• NVidia DirectX 10 SDK
• Samples, demos, white papers, etc

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DirectX 9 VS DirectX 10
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Direct3D 10 Novelties

• New driver model.
• More hardware consistency.
• More effort is to be made by manufacturers.
• Better for developers.
• Geometry shaders.
• Big thing.
• The 3D programmers have been waiting for such a
  thing for a long time.
• (Limited) Animations.
• Displacement maps.
• Particle effects, fur, water,
• Surface subdivision algorithms, Marching cubes,
  etc
• Shadow volumes.

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Direct3D 10 Novelties

• Displacement maps

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Particles
http//194.71.11.70/pub/games/PC/guru3d/generic/r6
/04_CoJDX10-RealismThroughGeometryShader.jpg
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Fire
World In Conflict
http//www.trustedreviews.com/graphics/review/2007
/08/23/DirectX-10-the-Good-the-Bad-and-the-Pretty/
p10
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Direct3D 10 pipeline
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http//xtreview.com/review159.htm
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Direct3D 10 shader model 4.0
http//www.tomshardware.co.uk/what-direct3d-10-is-
all-about-uk,review-1891-3.html
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Direct3D 10

• Resource validation done once per application
  instead of once per rendered image.
• A lot of stuff oriented toward reducing CPU
  usage communications.
• Unified shaders.
• Constant buffers.
• 16x4096 from a minimum of 256
• Updated in one function call.
• Texture arrays.
• Texture atlas were used before
• Up to 81922 texture size.
• HLSL 10
• Integer and bitwise instructions.
• Switch statement.

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Direct3D 10

• Predicated draws.
• Entirely on GPU
• Equivalent to occlusion queries but does not
  require the CPU here.
• Stream out.
• Geometry redirected to a buffer after geometry
  shaders.
• No pixel shaders.
• Official Shadow map filtering.
• Single pass Render-to-cube-map.
• Render-to-Volume.

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Instancing
http//msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb757042.a
spx
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Direct3D 10. Instancing

• Done with only a few calls.
• Take advantage of features like
• Texture arrays (e.g, displacement maps).
• Constant buffers.
• HLSL 10 Switch statement.

http//www.driverheaven.net/reviews/8800nvidiarevi
ewx120/DX1020TechBrief20Late20Draft2010-23-06.
pdf
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Next DirectX 10.1

• WDDM 2.1.
• Lower overhead.
• Can handle massive datasets.
• Full anti-Aliasing control.
• Float32 precision required for filtering.
• More multicore oriented.
• Cubemap arrays.

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Next DirectX 10.1
http//www.teamati.com/DirectX2010_120White20Pa
per20v0.4.pdf
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NVidia Rain Sample/White Paper
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Direct3D 10 Pipeline
Sub-D Modeling
Animation
Displacement Map
Polygon Mesh
Generate LODs
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Direct3D 11 Pipeline
Input Assembler
Direct3D 10 pipeline Plus Three new stages for
Tessellation Plus Compute Shader
Vertex Shader
Hull Shader
Tessellator
Domain Shader
Stream Output
Geometry Shader
Rasterizer
Compute Shader
Data Structure
Pixel Shader
Output Merger
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Direct3D 11 (Microsoft, Game Fest Conf 2008)
Single-pass process!
domain shader
hull shader
tessellator
vertex shader
Evaluate surface including displacement
Tessellate!
Animate/skin Control Points
Transform basis, Determine how much to tessellate
Tess Factors
U V W domain points
transformed control points
control points in Bezier patch
patch control points
displacement map
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Direct3D 11 Pipeline
Sub-D Modeling
Animation
Displacement Map
Optimally Tessellated Mesh
GPU
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Direct3D 11

• Better Multithreading support.
• GP-GPU computing.
• Reducing function calls.

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