Typology Report 1

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Typology Report 1

• Ejective Stops
• Phonology LING 800
• Anne Rimrott
• January 23, 2003

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What Are Ejectives?

• Non-pulmonic egressive consonants
• Production of an ejective involves 5 steps
• Closure of articulators and closure of glottis
• Upward raising of larynx
• Body of air in pharynx is compressed due to the
  raising of the glottis air pressure increases
• Oral articulation is released
• Glottal closure is released
• constricted glottis
• IPA symbol C
• http//hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistic
  s/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1/chapter1.htm
  l

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Ejective Stops in UPSID

• 15 distinct character codes
• 68 languages have ejstops (15)
• 383 out of 451 dont have them (85)
• Plosives (i.e. pulmonic egressive stops)
• 153 character codes
• 451 languages have plosives (100)
• ? Context-free markedness

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Ejstops and Other UPSID Features

• Place of articulation
• Secondary articulations
• Phonation types

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1. Place of Articulation of Ejective Stops Vs.
Non-ej-stops
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Place of Articulation
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Observations Concerning Place

• Most common places of articulation velar, uvular
  (4 each)
• Least common places of articulation dental,
  dental/alveolar, palatal (1 each)
• Ex. 66 out of 68 languages have velar ejstops,
  only 9 have palatal ejstops
• No labiodental, linguolabial, palatal-alveolar,
  retroflex, pharyngeal, or glottal ejstops

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2. Secondary Articulations
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Observations concerning Secondary Articulations

• Ejstops rarely have secondary articulations
• labialization most frequent (3 characters, 23
  languages
• Pharyngealized ejstops only in Rutul
• No ejstops that are/have velarized, nasalized,
  nasal release, prestopped, lateral release

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3. Phonation Types
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Ejstop Character Codes
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Character Codes Contd
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Languages That Have Ejstops
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Languages Contd
15
Inventories !XU (4904)Total of 141 Segments, 5
Ejstops, 6 Non-ej-stops
16
Rutul (2603)Total of 64 Segments, 8 Ejstops, 18
Non-ej-stops
17
Wichita (6755)29 Segments, 1 Ejstop, 7
Non-ej-stops
18
Navajo (6104)47 Segments, 2 Ejstops, 7
Non-ej-stops