The question of metering

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The question of metering?
Neal Warren
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ESW Metering Position

• Support metering
• 44.2 Meter Penetration
• 55.6 Suffolk, 42.1 Essex
• Optant / Change of Occupier schemes
• Target Universal Metering in Essex 2020, Suffolk
  2030

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Some basic questions

• How much water does a metered customer use?
• How much water does a meter save?
• What information does a meter give us?

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• How much water is used around the World ?

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An alternative view ?

• EA Version
• Eng Wales 150
• Belgium 122
• Netherlands 119
• Hungary 103
• France 137
• Germany 116

• OFWAT's (source waterwise)
• Eng Wales 150
• Belgium 107
• Netherlands 125
• Hungary 151
• France 164
• Germany 127

NB Eng and Wales fig is average, weighted unmeas
/ measured pcc, other countrys figs are meas pcc
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Why the differences ?

• Between countries the calculation is different.
• A number of fully metered countries meter whole
  apartment / condominium blocks, not single
  properties.
• Difference also depends on what one is trying to
  prove!
• Does England/Wales have one of the highest pcc in
  the world? Not by Ofwat numbers, actually middle
  to low.

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If metering works as well as we hope, we can
expect
Metering Penetration
PCC
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How much water does a meter save?

• Nobody knows with any certainty.
• gt20 to lt5 have previously been quoted, 10 is
  now most quoted but
• Based on optant meter customer typically having
  10 lower pcc than unmeasured customer.
• BUT this does not necessarily mean they saved 10
  because of meter!!

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Optants

• Work from NERA showed optants are low users
  before they opt for a meter.
• Customers opt for a meter to save money,
  because-
• They consider they are careful with water
  already, they have low occupancy, their home has
  a high RV
• Therefore taking lower optant use to be because a
  meter was installed, is very shaky.

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Measured vs unmeasured pcc

• Simplistically this should show effect of
  metering, but-
• 2005/06 range in pcc (l/h/d) over water industry
  (Ofwat)
• Unmeasured 135.1 to 182.4
• Measured 116 to 166.3
• Meters saved from 2.86 to 25.9 in different
  companies

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Trends in ConsumptionESW Essex area
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What do meters really tell us?

• Quarterly , half yearly or annual property
  consumption. (apart from meter accuracy vs age)
• What doesnt it tell us
• Occupancy
• Lifestyle
• Customers financial situation or environmental
  awareness.

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Occupancy is most important

• A company takes reading of its 100,000 measured
  properties.
• This gives an annual consumption of 10950 Ml,
  divide by 365 and 100,000 300 l/prop/d.
• Company A assumes measured occupancy 1.5
  person/house
• Company B assumes measured occupancy 2.0
  person/house
• (Both are reasonable Co A high level optants,
  Co B high level new homes)

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• Company A.
• 300 divided by 1.5 measured pcc of 200 l/h/d
• Company B.
• 300 divided by 2.0 measured pcc of 150 l/h/d
• Each difference of 0.1 person/house c10 l/h/d
• Occupancy assumptions could account for most of
  the variation between Cos. unmeasured/measured
  pcc.

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Are we double counting in metering debate?

• Metering 10 ?
• Water Efficiency 10 ?
• Tariffs 10 ?
• Metering Water Efficiency Tariffs 30
• If it was 30 then current pcc (150) becomes 105
  l/h/d.

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Minimum pcc for 2 person household

• (Household of 2 adults, Assume occupied for 365
  days less 4 weeks hols)
• Fixed Consumptions l/hd/d
• WC flushing 6/4 l, 1 x 6.5l 4 x 4.5 l /hd
  22.6
• Washing machine 40 l, 2 times per week 36.9
• Dishwasher 12 l, 4 times per week 22.2
• subtotal 81.7
• Variable Consumptions
• Hand washing 15 l/hd/d 13.8
• Showering 1/hd/d _at_ 8 l/min for 4 mins 29.5
• Cooking, drinking etc 5 l/hd/d 4.6
• Gardening none 0.0
• Recycling 3 l/hse/d 1.4
• Car washing Green so bicycle 0.0
• subtotal 49.3
• Total 131l/ppd

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Profligate pcc for 2 person household

• (Household of 2 adults, Assume occupied for 365
  days less 4 weeks hols)
• Fixed Consumptions l/hd/d
• WC flushing 6/4 l, 1 x 6.5l 4 x 4.5 l /hd
  22.6
• Washing machine 50 l, 7 times per week
  161.6
• Dishwasher 15 l, 7 times per week
  48.5
• subtotal 232.7
• Variable Consumptions
• Handwashing 17 l/hd/d 15.7
• Showering 6/hd/wk _at_ 8 l/min x 6 mins1 bath/wk
  389.8
• Cooking, drinking etc 10 l/hd/d
  7.4
• Gardening watering cans 5 hose 5.5 l/hse/d
  4.9
• Recycling 3 l/hse/d 1.4
• Car washing 2 cars once/mth 30l
  1.0
• subtotal 78.2
• Total 310.9

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Summary

• We already have quite a low PCC compared with
  rest of world
• Meters may be one of the demand management tools
• We must not confuse potential reductions with
  other iniatives
• Occupation details are key to PCC
• What is the starting point?
• Intelligent Metering may further benefit demand
  management
• Intelligent Tariffs may be required