Linguistics week 9

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Linguistics week 9

• Phonetics 2

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Morphological exercise (for 42218 students)

• 42201 students optional
• You will be assigned one of Yule chapter 7
  exercise C, D or II (i, ii and v only)
• You must hand it on Monday 26th
• You are recommended to do it before the midterm
  exam (it will be good practice)
• For help look at page 68, and study question 5

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Describing (characterizing) consonants

• First, airstream
• For all sounds in English and Mandarin, this is
  pulmonic egressive
• Second, place of articulation
• Listed in Yule chapter 5
• How would you describe the difference between
  f, ? and s?
• How about p, t and k? (groups?)

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Third, voicing

• Voiced and voiceless consonants
• f and v are both bilabial
• So whats the difference?
• v is voiced
• The vocal folds open and close rapidly
• (They vibrate)
• f is voiceless
• No vibration

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Features (characteristics) for describing
consonants

• So,
• Airstream (usually the same for all consonants)
• Place of articulation
• Voicing
• Manner of articulation
• So, p is
• egressive pulmonic
• bilabial
• voiceless
• plosive

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Phonology 1 Minimal pairs (show b/v, then Yule
4650)

• Each pair has the same number of phones
• bet pet
• bet bed
• bet bat
• Each pair differs by only one phone
• They are called minimal pairs
• These minimal pairs prove that
• /b/ and /p/
• /t/ and /d/
• /e/ and /a/
• make a difference of meaning, in English
• those six sounds are Phonemes of English
• Altogether, there are about 42 phonemes