The Aftermath of the War and Unfinished Business

1
The Aftermath of the War and Unfinished Business

• Chapter 22

2
China Civil War and Communist Triumph (1946-1949)

• Japans generals in China submit only to
  Nationalist Forces
• Soviet forces did not withdraw from Manchuria
  until May 1949 allowed CCP to gain control of
  Manchuria
• Truman sends Marshall to China to attempt
  mediation

3
Rapprochement

• 1945 Ambassador Hurley escorts Mao for talks with
  Chiang
• November 1945 Chiang attacks Communist position
• November 1945 Hurley resigns accused US
  foreign service of undermining US efforts
• George Marshall mediates several cease fires
  between Dec 1945 Jan 1947 all failed.

4

• A China disunited and torn by civil strife could
  not be considered realistically as a proper place
  for American assistance.
• Harry Truman
• Truman administrations cuts off aid to the
  Nationalist between Jan 1947 Nov. 1948
• CCP received constant supplies and aid from USSR
  solidifies position in North China

5
China Hands

• Leading authorities on China advising Truman and
  Marshall
• Owen Lattimore and John Stewart Service
• Both Communists or Fellow Travelers
• Advised Truman to cease supporting the
  Nationalists and withdraw from both Korea and
  Japan

6
Weakness of Nationalist Govt

• Controlled only the cities
• Rivalry
• Corruption and Inflation

7
Communist Victory

• Lin Biao (1907-1971)
• July 1947 Communist attack along several fronts
  in northern China
• Battle of Huai-Hai
• City of Xuzhou on Huai River
• Nationalist forces under command of Chiang loose
  200,000 men
• January 1949 Nationalist forces in Beijing
  surrender
• Nationalists flee to Taiwan

8
Peoples Republic of ChinaOctober 1, 1949
9
Japan The Occupation (1945-1952)

• General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for
  the Allied Powers (SCAP)
• Demilitarize Japan
• Demystification of Emperor
• Constitution of Japan

10
Tokyo War Crimes TribunalMay 1946-April 1948

• 28 top Japanese leaders charged with
  responsibility for war
• Emperor escapes condemnation condition of
  surrender
• Only seven condemned to death
• Most enshrined at Yasukuni Shrine

11
Unfinished BusinessKorea and Vietnam

• Origins of the Korean War
• Origins of the Vietnam War
• French Colonialism
• After Japanese surrender, French attempt to
  reassert sovereignty over Vietnam

12
Ho Chi Minh

• Fused Nationalism to Communism
• Founding member of the French Communist Party
• Organized anti-colonialist movement known as the
  Viet Minh

13
Vietnam War

• Battle of Dien Bien Phu
• Geneva Conventions split Vietnam along the 17th
  Parallel
• North a communist state governed by Ho
• South a democratic state governed by Ngo Diehm
  Diem
• US sends military advisors
• National Liberation Front (Viet Cong)

14
War in Vietnam

• Eisenhowers Domino Theory
• Tonkin Gulf Resolution
• Number of US soldiers increase to 510,000 by July
  1968
• Tet Offensive Feb 1968
• Paris Agreement last US Troops leave on March
  1973
• North overtakes the South Saigon falls April 1975

15
The Bloodbath

• Khmer Rouge slaughters 1/4th its population in
  Cambodia
• 100,000s killed or sent to re-education camps
  in Vietnam
• 100,000 flee in boats Boat People