BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR APUSP, ANDHRA PRADESH EXPERIENCE

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BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR APUSP, ANDHRA
PRADESH EXPERIENCE

• B. JANARDHAN REDDY, IAS.,
• Project Co-ordinator, APUSP
• 07.06.2007

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Urbanisation a global phenomenon

• Urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon and India
  is no exception
• In western countries industrialization
  necessitated urbanization
• In India, urbanization is basically a result of
  migration arising out of non availability of
  livelihoods in rural areas
• Indias low exports and underdeveloped
  manufacturing sector only 25 of its economy
  meant the demand for factory jobs in the cities
  far outstripped the supply.
• Many migrants eked out work as street vendors,
  construction labourers, day labourers, etc.,

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Urbanisation of Inida

• of Urban Population to total population in
  India
• 17.29 in 1951
• 27.78 in 2001
• of Urban Population to total population in
  A.P.
• 17.42 in 1951 (5.4 Millions)
• 27.08 in 2001 (20.50 Millions)

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Pace of Urbanization (Percent of Urban
Population to Total Population)
Source Census of India, Series-29 Andhra Pradesh
Provisional Population Totals, Paper 2 of 2001
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Challenges of urbanisation

• Water Supply
• Sanitation
• Transportation, Pollution
• Housing
• Electricity
• Land use, growth of slums
• Health, Education, Social security
• Unemployment

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Relevance of APUSP

• Cities are considered leading engines of Indias
  economic growth contributing up to 40 GDP.
• However, crumbling infrastructure, deficient
  governance, appalling health and social
  indicators of the poor are chronic problems of
  urban administration
• Lack of participatory process in urban management
  and acute resource constraint are the basic
  problems
• The APUSP addressed these basic problems through
  innovative management tools

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APUSP An Overview

• Rs.747.22 Crore project
• supported by DFID of Govt. of U.K on 100 grant
  basis
• Implementation in Class-1 (1 lakh or more
  population) Municipal towns
• Project coverage - 32 initially, now extended to
  42
• Project period Sep., 2000 to March, 2008

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Original Towns Additional Towns

• Rs 747.22 crores Grant from DFID of Govt of UK
• Municipal Reforms
• (Rs. 121.13 cr)
• Infrastructure Improvement
• (Rs. 525.34 cr)
• Social Development (Rs. 100.75 cr)

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Project Goal and Coverage

• The project aims to
• Stimulate reforms in municipalities
• Provide environmental infrastructure based on the
  demands of the poor
• Strengthen the contributions of Civil Societies
  to poverty alleviation
• Sustained reduction in vulnerability and poverty
  of urban poor.
• Coverage of 2.88 million poor people in 42 towns

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ANDHRA PRADESH URBAN SERVICES FOR THE POOR
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C1 Municipal Reforms

• Objective Initiation of reforms for Municipal
  Performance Improvement
• Budget Rs.121.13 Crores
• Approach
• People participation
• Revenue improvement
• Institutional Development
• Capacity Building
• Improved Service Delivery

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C2 Environmental Infrastructure

• Objective Infrastructure improvement in urban
  slums
• Budget Rs.525.34 Crores
• Approach
• Water supply improvements
• Drainage facilities
• Sanitation improvements
• Roads footpaths
• Solid Waste Management
• Street Lighting

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C3 Strengthening Civil Society

• Objective Strengthening of Civil Society
  Organisations
• Budget Rs.100.75Crores
• Approach
• Vulnerability
• Strengthening of SHGs
• Livelihoods
• Health
• Education

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CMAPP Cycle
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The APUSP approach Participatory process

• Involvement of people at every stage of project
  planning and implementation
• A programme of the people, for the people and by
  the people
• A sense of belongingness in stakeholders
• Common man, especially poor women have a direct
  stake in urban planning

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The APUSP approach Participatory instruments

• Introductory Workshops
• Launch Workshops
• Strategy Formulation Workshops
• Micro Planning for prioritisation of
  infrastructure needs
• Direct participation of over 1 lakh people

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The APUSP model Indirect approach to poverty
reduction

• Creation of an enabling environment for
• The poor to seek more appropriate civic services
  
• The ULBs to deliver basic civic services more
  efficiently

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The APUSP way Integrated development approach

• Emphasis on linking slums with main towns, rather
  than developing slums on standalone approach
• A progress on earlier slum improvement projects
  in India which worked in individual slums
• Linkage with main-town ensured through 6535
  ration between on-site and off-site works

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The APUSP approach Policy initiatives to
benefit truly deserved

• Notification of eligible non-notified slums to
  give them equal footing in provision of civic
  services and benefits from other government
  initiatives
• A difficult process revived after 3 decades with
  objectivity in guidelines
• Over 500 NNS recommended for notification in 42
  towns

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The APUSP approach Objectivity in investment
decisions

• Prioritization of slums on poverty and
  infrastructure deficiency matrix
• Results
• Rationalism in decision making
• An end to discretion
• Objectivity in allocation of funds to different
  wards, obviating the need for political lobbying
  thereby reducing political frictions
• Wholehearted support from communities

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The APUSP approach functionary capacity building

• Regular trainings to functionaries at all levels
• Nearly 270 structural trainings organised
• Over 4.30 lakh SHG women trained
• Training Needs Analysis in all ULBs
• Exposure visits
• Intrastate visits nearing completion
• Interstate visits being planned

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The APUSP approach Process Engineering

• Change Management concept
• Simplification and standardisation of procedures
• Kapra model Citizen service centre transparent,
  responsible and timely service delivery
• Personality Development and motivation trainings
  to functionaries

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The APUSP approach Institutional capacity
building

• Computerisation of services
• systems and networking facilities for
  computerisation of primary data
• 116 E-seva centers for integrated services
• Automation
• Modernisation of office buildings, Record rooms
• Municipal Knowledge Cells
• Improved tools is Engg., Town Planning Sanitary
  divisions
• Internal and external communication systems
• Comprehensive studies
• In key engineering areas for strategic planning
  for next 30 years.

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The APUSP approach Financial stability to ULBs

• Revenue improvement measures
• Application of GIS
• 104 Municipal Accounting years updated
• 38 years of Audit cleared
• Revenue Improvement
• Rs 311 Cr to Rs.852.78 Cr i.e an increase of 265

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The APUSP approach adoption of emerging
technologies

• Municipal Base maps
• GIS application for municipal revenue
  improvements
• General Town Plan (GTP) for towns

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The APUSP approach Energy Savings

• Savings in energy consumption through
• Optimisation of CMD
• Avoiding surcharges on low PF
• Light and Fan (LF) load segregation
• Avoiding late payment charges
• Sun-synchronization of street lighting
• A saving of Rs.11.79 Crores from November, 2005.
  Anticipated savings are Rs.13.03 crore.

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The APUSP approach Sensitive support mechanisms

• Provision of Local Technical Assistance
• ULBs could hire any professional services from
  open market for a limit period
• Provision of new professional services on long
  term basis
• MIPOs/MAFAs/TPRPs/LPAs/DRPs, etc.,
• Filling of existing gaps
• Provision of additional COs
• MHOs, where there are no sanctioned posts
• D.D. Consultants for Engineering Deptt.

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The APUSP approach facelift to poor settlements

• Massive creation of infrastructure in slums
• Assets created
• Roads - 749.12 K.Ms
• Drains - 755.46 K.Ms
• Street lighting - 112.38 K. Ms
• Water Supply installations - 642.90 K.Ms
• UGD - 32.52 K.Ms
• People benefited
• 18.93 lakh people in 1487 poor settlements

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The APUSP approach Empowerment of Women

• Organisation of poor women into SHGs
• 49,366 groups with a membership of 6.30 lakhs
• 90 of 6.96 BPL Households covered
• Capacity Building of SHG women
• 4.30 lakh SHG members trained on SHG concepts
• Financial inclusion of SHG women
• 41,468 SHGs (84) have been linked with Banks
• Credit flow of Rs.182.00 Crores
• Percapita availability of credit Rs.4400/-

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The APUSP approach a value difference through
micro credit

• Per capita credit available is Rs.4,400
• Interest burden _at_3 from the money lenders
  Rs.1512 p.a
• Interest burden _at_0.25 from the banks
  Rs125/p.a
• Additional income generated per month Rs125 per
  family.

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Credit sources of the poor usage pattern
An independent Study in Guntakal
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The APUSP approach Institutional mechanisms to
empower women

• Town Level Bankers Committee
• Closer interface between SHGs and Bankers
• SHG women on equal footing with credit provider
• Federation of SHGs
• At slum level / town level / district level /
  state level
• Family Budget preparation for SHG women
• To assess the realistic credit needs and
  affordability of each member
• To give appropriate credit rating for each group
• Micro Credit Plan completed for 26,000 SHGs so
  far

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The APUSP approach Placement linked skill
trainings

• Objective selection of candidates
• Analysis of market trends
• Partnerships with market leaders
• Demand driven, not supply driven areas
• Emphasis on placement support
• Skill trainings for
• Semi educated in ITES, Hospitality, AC Mechanism,
  BPA, etc.,
• Construction workers in barbending, masonry,
  heavy machinery operation, plumbing, etc.,
• Adda coolies in skill improvement
• About 23,500 trained with placement support

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The APUSP approach Innovative ways of
addressing vulnerability

• Physical vulnerability
• Collectivisation of disabled formation of SHGs
• Disability assessment linkages with service
  providers
• Surgical corrections, wherever possible
• Funding for barrier free access to public
  buildings
• Social vulnerability
• Capacity building / trainings
• Health and Personal Hygiene awareness camps
• Janasree Arogya Bheema
• Family Conseling Centres (FCCs)
• Economic vulnerability
• Financial inclusion plan / micro credit plan
• Food Security for SHGs

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The APUSP approach Creation of baseline data

• Comprehensive pictorial survey format for
  capturing all socio-economic indices
• Participatory Poverty Assessments
• Preparation of Social Development Action Plans
• Objective prioritization of poor settlements
  become possible

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The APUSP approach Wealth generation/ Rich
harvest from little investment

• Skill trainings Expenditure incurred by APUSP
  is around Rs.6.00 Crores, where as benefits
  accrued to individuals is around Rs.35.00 Crores
• Food security A saving of Rs.200 300/- per
  family per month
• Disabled welfare 100 surgical corrections worth
  Rs.12.00 lakhs 2.4 Crores
• Community insurance no capital cost
• Revenue improvement Rs.30.00 lakhs Rs.6.00
  Cr.
• Energy savings Rs.45.00 lakhs Rs.9.63 Cr.

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The APUSP approach Emphasis on cross-learnings

• APUSP Website www.apusp.org
• Nagaradeepika monthly newsletter in Telugu and
  English versions
• Workshops policy orientation with actual
  involvement of stakeholders MAPP workshops
  Visioning workshops
• Exposure visits intra state and inter state
• Regular, standardised monthly review meetings

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The APUSP approach Effective incentive /
disincentive system

• Challenge fund concept
• Budgetary constraints for each MAPP and MPC for
  next cycle
• Incentive to good repayment behaviour Pavala
  vaddi to SHGs
• Identification of roll models honoring them
  with mementoes

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The APUSP approach Convergence with other
departments

• Environmental improvement in schools through SSA
• Convergence with SERP MEPMA
• Community health convergence with Health
  Department

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The APUSP approach Citizen grievance redressal
system

• District Call Centre for each district
• Spandana boxes in poor settlements

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The APUSP approach Improved service delivery

• Municipal OMs linked to Annual Budgets
• Municipal Management Modules in 11 areas
• Internal quality control labs
• Third Party Quality Assurance
• Third Party audit of Citizen Charter
  implementation as a parameter of MPC

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The APUSP approach - Sustainability

• Mission for Elimination of Extreme Poverty in
  Municipal Areas (MEPMA)
• Revitalisation of UPA Cells in ULBs
• Federations of SHGs, Disabled groups, etc.,
• Continuity of
• institutions E-sevas, CRCs
• initiatives MATRIX, MAPP, UPADHI, NNS, etc.,
• individuals COs and other LTA

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APUSP What made the difference?

• Municipal Action Plans broad based decisions
  through Committees and WGs
• SWOT Analysis leading to problem identification
  and organisational reforms
• MATRIX of slums facilitating objective decision
  making for infrastructure investment
• PMLP for identification of non-infrastructure/
  socio-economic needs of poor leading to SDAP
• MoU to get ownership commitment from ULBs

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Impact of the project..

• Pro-poor initiatives of State Govt.
• Extension of MAPP process to all ULBs
• Extension of notification process for
  non-notified slums in all ULBs
• Compulsory earmarking of 40 of Municipal Budget
  for exclusive benefit of slums
• Adoption of UPADHI programme in all ULBs
• Extension of water supply distribution network up
  to the doorsteps of urban poor

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