BACTERIA

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BACTERIA

• A 3 ½ BILLION YEAR SUCCESS STORY

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BACTERIA

• Bacteria are prokaryotic -
• which means they DO NOT have nucleus

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BACTERIA

• Discovered in the late 1600s by Anton van
  Leeuwenhoek
• This discovery would not have been possible
  WITHOUT the invention of the
• MICROSCOPE

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BACTERIA ARE UNICELLULAR

• Bacteria come in three shapes
• cocci -- round
• bacilli -- rodlike
• spirilla -- spiral shaped

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STRUCTURE OF A BACTERIAL CELL

• Cell wall surrounds and protects the cell
• Cell membrane inside the cell wall controls
  what goes in and out

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STRUCTURE OF A BACTERIAL CELL

• Cytoplasm gel-like material inside the cell
• Ribosomes protein factories
• Genetic material contains instructions for
  cells functions (DNA)

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STRUCTURE OF A BACTERIAL CELL

• Flagellum (plural -- flagella) long whip
  like structure it helps the bacteria to move.

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TWO KINGDOMS OF BACTERIA

• ARCHAEBACTERIA
• EUBACTERIA

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KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

• Means ancient bacteria
• They live in extreme environments
• DO NOT NEED OXYGEN

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KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

• Chemically different from Archaebacteria
• Do not live in extreme environments, but live
  everywhere else
• DO NEED OXYGEN

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REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA

• Under optimum, or ideal conditions, bacteria
  thrive and reproduce quickly
• Some bacteria can reproduce as often as once
  every 20 minutes!!!
• So why isnt the earth covered with bacteria?

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REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA

• Binary fission a process in which one cell
  divides to form two identical cells
• Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction
• Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.
  Offspring are identical to the parent.

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REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA

• Conjugation one bacterium transfers some of its
  genetic material
• Conjugation is a form of sexual reproduction
  which involves two parents

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SURVIVAL NEEDS OF BACTERIA

• Some bacteria are autotrophic, and some are
  heterotrophic
• Like other organisms, bacteria get their energy
  to perform life processes from food
• The process of breaking down food to release
  energy is called RESPIRATION

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SURVIVAL NEEDS OF BACTERIA

• ARE BACTERIA INDESTRUCTIBLE?
• Some bacteria can survive harsh conditions (no
  food, drought, poisonous wastes) by forming
  endospores.

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SURVIVAL NEEDS OF BACTERIA

• Endospore structure that allows the bacteria to
  survive hostile conditions.
• An endospore is a sack around the DNA which
  protects it.

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ARE BACTERIA FRIEND OR FOE?

• Bacterial infections can cause death.
• But that is only the beginning of the story.

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BACTERIAL FRIENDS

• Lactobacillus acidophilus
• Used for turning milk into yogurt and to preserve
  other dairy products

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BACTERIAL FRIENDS

• Streptomyces
• Soil bacteria used to make streptomycin, an
  antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections

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BACTERIAL FRIENDS

• Pseudomonas putida
• Cleans wastes from sewage water at water
  treatment plants

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BACTERIAL FRIENDS

• Escherichia coli
• Bacteria that live in your colon and small
  intestine. Helps you digest your food every day.

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BACTERIA AT WORK

• Bacteria are used as one of the tools to clean up
  oil spills. The bacteria EAT the oil, turning it
  into carbon dioxide.

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BACTERIA AT WORK

• Nitrogen fixing bacteria -- change nitrogen from
  the air into OXYGEN!!!

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BACTERIA Population

• There ARE more bacteria in your mouth than all of
  the humans on Earth.

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BACTERIA Population

• There are over 100 million bacteria on ONE square
  inch of your skin.
• Both good and bad bacteriaof course.

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How can we slow bacteria down

• A YOGURT a day keeps the doctor away. By eating
  good bacteria found in some foods you can stay
  healthier.
• If you DO get a bacterial infection antibiotics
  CAN helpthey CANNOT help a virus.

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BACTERIA LESSON OFTHE DAY

• 99 of bacteria are
• HELPFUL!!!!