Classification of Bacteria

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Bacteria
Classification of Bacteria A. Domain Archaea
means ancient bacteria 1. These are found
in extreme habitats a. deep in mud, salty
conditions, extreme pH and temp. 2.
Prokaryotic cell B. Domain Bacteria 1.
Heterotrophs cannot make their own food
a. decomposers (helps recycle nutrients) b.
parasitic (3)
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2. Photoautotrophs make their own food using
light a. contain pigments b. algae like
bacteria these are important producers for
aquatic ecosystems c.
cyanobacteria name of the bacteria that does
this 3. Chemoautotrophs make their own food
using chemicals a. use sulfur and nitrogen
to make food (this is the rotten egg smelling
gas) b. some live on the roots of plants and
help the plant get nitrogen through
nitrogen fixationRhizobacteria Mutualism
bacteria has home, plant gets nitrogen
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II. Structure of Bacteria A. Type of cell
Prokaryotic 1. no nucleus or membrane bound
organelles B. DNA is found in the cytoplasm
as one circular chromosome C. Contains
ribosomes (not membrane bound) D. Drawing of
a typical cell 1. Flagella moves bacteria 2.
Chromosome one circular piecearea that
contains the chromosome is called the
nucleoid region 3. Pili attaches bacteria to
surfaces and aids in sexual
reproduction. It is an extension of the cell
membrane 4. Cell Membrane regulates what goes
into and out of cell, also involved in
making ATP 5. Cell Wall protection 6. Capsule
protection (not all bacteria have this)these
types cause more disease in us.
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C. Shapes of bacterial cells 1. Sphere
coccus 2. Rod bacillus 3. Spiral
spirillum D. Arrangement of bacterial
cells 1. cells are paired diplo 2. Clusters
of cells staphylo 3. Chains of cells
strepto E. Naming bacterial cells relates
to the above. The genus name is a combination of
arrangement shape. Name the following
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Diplo-Spirillum
Staphylo-Bacillus
Staphylococcus
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III. Adaptations of Bacteria A.
Endospores 1. A hard outer covering that enables
the cell to live in a dormant state when
conditions are not favorable for living. 2.
resistant to drying out, boiling, chemicals 3.
can survive for thousands of years 4. kill them
by pressure cooking or autoclave 5. examples of
bacteria that do this are the bacteria that
causes botulism the bacteria that causes tetanus
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Artist, Charles Bell, paints this picture of a
soldier in the last stages of tetanus.
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Binary Fission
IV. Reproduction A. cant reproduce
via mitosis because they have no nucleus
B. Binary Fission asexual reproduction (there
is no exchange of genetic information) 1.
Chromosome is replicated 2. Copies of chromosome
attach to the cell membrane 3.
Cell grows and the copies separate 4. Cell
divides in two as a partition forms down the
middle
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C. Conjugation Sexual Reproduction (there
is an exchange of genetic information) 1.
Transfer of part of the chromosome
through the pili to another cell. 2.
Why is this type of reproduction
important?
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V. Economic Importance A. Nitrogen fixation
bacteria take Nitrogen from the air and
fixes it to be a form that plants can use for
proteins and DNA. B. Decomposition of
biodegradable material (trash, leaves, etc)
C. Recycling of nutrients due to decomposition
(C, O, N) D. Food 1. yogurt 2. cheese 3.
Vinegar 4. butter 5. pickles 6. sauerkraut
E. Medicine antibiotics F. Gene Cloning
and product producing (remember pGLO lab)