http:sheizaf.rafaeli.net

1
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• ????? ???? ???? ?????
• ???' ????
• http//sheizaf.rafaeli.net
• http//infosoc.haifa.ac.il

2
??? ???? ???? ?????

• ?????? ???? Google, Google Books, Google Scholar

3
????? ?????

• ???? ???????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ???????...
• ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????
  ?????????? ????? ????
• ????? ??, ?????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????
• The paperless office (Ted Nelson)

4
Impact cycle begins Research is done
Researchers write pre-refereeing Pre-Print
Submitted to Journal
12-18 Months
Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts Peer-Review
Pre-Print revised by articles Authors
Refereed Post-Print Accepted, Certified,
Published by Journal
Researchers can access the Post-Print if their
university has a subscription to the Journal
5
Impact cycle begins Research is done
Researchers write pre-refereeing Pre-Print
Submitted to Journal
12-18 Months
Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts Peer-Review
Pre-Print revised by articles Authors
Refereed Post-Print Accepted, Certified,
Published by Journal
Researchers can access the Post-Print if their
university has a subscription to the Journal
New impact cycles New research builds on
existing research
6
??????, ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????
Lockss, ????? ????, ?????? Blackwell Synergy,
?????? ISI Social Sciences Citation Index and
Social SciSearch,
7
????? ?????, 1995 ??? ????????
8
????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????"? ???... ?????
????????
9
????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
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10
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????? 24 ??? ?? ????, ?????? MIT Press (?? ???
???? ????)
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274 ?????? ????? ???? ??????? (??? 2005 ???
2006) ???? ???? 8 35 ??? ????? ????? ??????
84 ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? 73 ???
JCMC, 2005-1006 Categories of Manuscripts
20
JCMC submissions, 2005-2006 Methodological
approaches
21
Demographics of JCMC Manuscript Authors Gender
Location of first author's institution
22
http//www.wsis-si.org/oa-facts.html
23

• ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????
• ????? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?????????
• ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????
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• ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????
• ?????? ???? ?????
• ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? Win / Win

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A snapshot from an access log
annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/1998215336
0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/giff2sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 38381 annex246-38.bmi.net - -
04/Jan/1998215337 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue4/giff1sm.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
35289 annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/199821534
4 0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/watz2sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 40960 annex246-38.bmi.net - -
04/Jan/1998215445 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue4/mclaugh.html HTTP/1.0" 200
77702 annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/199821554
8 0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/watz1sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 40960 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215556 0200 "GET /bluebar.jpg
HTTP/1.0" 200 1367 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215556 0200 "GET /address2.gif
HTTP/1.0" 200 1049 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /names.gif
HTTP/1.0" 200 1393 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /Platsite.jpg
HTTP/1.0" 200 15716 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /SCOUTSEL.GIF
HTTP/1.0" 200 1531 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215615 0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200
5469 port327.cjnetworks.com - -
04/Jan/1998215802 0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200
5469 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - - 04/Jan/19982158
49 0200 "GET /vol1/issue3/crede.html HTTP/1.0"
200 82310 port327.cjnetworks.com - -
04/Jan/1998215928 0200 "GET /journal.html
HTTP/1.0" 200 5469 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - -
04/Jan/1998215950 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue3/vol1no3.html HTTP/1.0" 200
5508 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - - 04/Jan/19982200
12 0200 "GET /vol3/issue2/ HTTP/1.0" 200
11668 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - -
04/Jan/1998220020 0200 "GET
/vol3/issue2/head.jpg HTTP/1.0" 200
7203 cumin.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220107
0200 "GET /vol1/issue3/search.vol1no3.html
HTTP/1.0" 200 923 shelley.gre.ac.uk - -
04/Jan/1998220125 0200 "POST
/cgi-jcmc/srch.vol1no3.cgi HTTP/1.0" 200
1802 cumin.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220131
0200 "GET /vol1/ HTTP/1.0" 200
764 saffron.lut.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/back.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
216 sorrel.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/blank.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
148 sorrel.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/folder.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
225 saffron.lut.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220157
0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 5470
sample of a few lines from an access_log of one
of the servers of the Journal of Computer
Mediated Communication (JCMC) (http//jcmc.huji.a
c.il and http//www.ascusc.org/jcmc)
28
A snapshot from an access log
annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/1998215336
0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/giff2sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 38381 annex246-38.bmi.net - -
04/Jan/1998215337 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue4/giff1sm.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
35289 annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/199821534
4 0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/watz2sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 40960 annex246-38.bmi.net - -
04/Jan/1998215445 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue4/mclaugh.html HTTP/1.0" 200
77702 annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/199821554
8 0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/watz1sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 40960 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215556 0200 "GET /bluebar.jpg
HTTP/1.0" 200 1367 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215556 0200 "GET /address2.gif
HTTP/1.0" 200 1049 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /names.gif
HTTP/1.0" 200 1393 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /Platsite.jpg
HTTP/1.0" 200 15716 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /SCOUTSEL.GIF
HTTP/1.0" 200 1531 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215615 0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200
5469 port327.cjnetworks.com - -
04/Jan/1998215802 0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200
5469 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - - 04/Jan/19982158
49 0200 "GET /vol1/issue3/crede.html HTTP/1.0"
200 82310 port327.cjnetworks.com - -
04/Jan/1998215928 0200 "GET /journal.html
HTTP/1.0" 200 5469 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - -
04/Jan/1998215950 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue3/vol1no3.html HTTP/1.0" 200
5508 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - - 04/Jan/19982200
12 0200 "GET /vol3/issue2/ HTTP/1.0" 200
11668 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - -
04/Jan/1998220020 0200 "GET
/vol3/issue2/head.jpg HTTP/1.0" 200
7203 cumin.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220107
0200 "GET /vol1/issue3/search.vol1no3.html
HTTP/1.0" 200 923 shelley.gre.ac.uk - -
04/Jan/1998220125 0200 "POST
/cgi-jcmc/srch.vol1no3.cgi HTTP/1.0" 200
1802 cumin.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220131
0200 "GET /vol1/ HTTP/1.0" 200
764 saffron.lut.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/back.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
216 sorrel.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/blank.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
148 sorrel.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/folder.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
225 saffron.lut.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220157
0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 5470
Seven simultaneous "hosts", "visiting" over a
randomly chosen period of just under ten minutes
in "an evening in the life of an online journal".
Even in this small sample one can sense that some
of the "sessions" are "directed", some
"meandering". Some are passive, just reading
textual HTML files or requesting graphic "gif"
files. Other "sessions" are more interactive. One
visitor generated a "POST" record that results in
running a CGI program. Note how the visitors are
from different countries (two in this case).
Several visitors originates from an
educational/academic institution while others are
using commercial and network accounts/connections.
If we follow the log long enough, we can begin
to discern a pattern of interests for individual
visitors and in the aggregate for types of
visitors.
29
A snapshot from an access log
annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/1998215336
0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/giff2sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 38381 annex246-38.bmi.net - -
04/Jan/1998215337 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue4/giff1sm.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
35289 annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/199821534
4 0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/watz2sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 40960 annex246-38.bmi.net - -
04/Jan/1998215445 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue4/mclaugh.html HTTP/1.0" 200
77702 annex246-38.bmi.net - - 04/Jan/199821554
8 0200 "GET /vol1/issue4/watz1sm.gif HTTP/1.0"
200 40960 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215556 0200 "GET /bluebar.jpg
HTTP/1.0" 200 1367 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215556 0200 "GET /address2.gif
HTTP/1.0" 200 1049 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /names.gif
HTTP/1.0" 200 1393 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /Platsite.jpg
HTTP/1.0" 200 15716 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215557 0200 "GET /SCOUTSEL.GIF
HTTP/1.0" 200 1531 lib21.lib.edinboro.edu - -
04/Jan/1998215615 0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200
5469 port327.cjnetworks.com - -
04/Jan/1998215802 0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200
5469 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - - 04/Jan/19982158
49 0200 "GET /vol1/issue3/crede.html HTTP/1.0"
200 82310 port327.cjnetworks.com - -
04/Jan/1998215928 0200 "GET /journal.html
HTTP/1.0" 200 5469 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - -
04/Jan/1998215950 0200 "GET
/vol1/issue3/vol1no3.html HTTP/1.0" 200
5508 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - - 04/Jan/19982200
12 0200 "GET /vol3/issue2/ HTTP/1.0" 200
11668 ww-tp06.proxy.aol.com - -
04/Jan/1998220020 0200 "GET
/vol3/issue2/head.jpg HTTP/1.0" 200
7203 cumin.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220107
0200 "GET /vol1/issue3/search.vol1no3.html
HTTP/1.0" 200 923 shelley.gre.ac.uk - -
04/Jan/1998220125 0200 "POST
/cgi-jcmc/srch.vol1no3.cgi HTTP/1.0" 200
1802 cumin.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220131
0200 "GET /vol1/ HTTP/1.0" 200
764 saffron.lut.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/back.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
216 sorrel.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/blank.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
148 sorrel.mcc.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220153
0200 "GET /icons/folder.gif HTTP/1.0" 200
225 saffron.lut.ac.uk - - 04/Jan/1998220157
0200 "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 5470
30

• Open access is the direction in which publishing
  is headed, both in the U.S. and abroad.
• freely available ?
• Open access has been highly successful for JCMC.
• Closing access to JCMC would have adverse
  consequences.
• There would be a smaller, less diverse
  readership.
• There are workable alternatives to charging for
  access to JCMC.
• These include, but are not limited to, the
  following
• Content-appropriate advertising (e.g., academic
  job ads, publishers' ads).
• Author fees for publication, with a subsidy for
  authors from developing countries.
• Voluntary, tax-deductable contributions to
  defray the costs of publishing the journal.
• Charge for "premium service," e.g., the most
  current issue, or print versions of JCMC
  issues/volumes (the latter might be produced and
  distributed by Blackwell).

?? ??????!
?? ????? ??????
????? ????? ??? ?????
?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
31
????? ???

• ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????
• ???????? ?????? ??????
• ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
• ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (unconference)
• ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
  ?????

• ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? issues, ???? ??????,
  impact factor, ranking
• "????"
• ???? ?????? ? TP
• Open access
• ????? ????? ?????Group EndNoteShared
  DatabasesWiki WikiTextBook

32
Online or Invisible? (Lawrence 2001)

• average of 336 more citations to online
  articles compared to offline articles published
  in the same venue
• Lawrence, S. (2001) Free online availability
  substantially increases a paper's impact Nature
  411 (6837) 521.
• http//www.neci.nec.com/lawrence/papers/online-na
  ture01/

33
The two open-access strategiesGold and Green

• Open-Access Publishing
• (OApub) (BOAI-2)
• Create or Convert 23,000 open-access journals
  (1000 exist currently)
• Find funding support for open-access publication
  costs (500-1500)
• Persuade the authors of the annual 2,500,000
  articles to publish in new open-access journals
  instead of the existing toll-access journals

• Open-Access Self-Archiving
• (OAarch) (BOAI-1)
• Persuade the authors of the annual 2,500,000
  articles they publish in the existing toll-access
  journals to also self-archive them in their
  institutional open-access archives.

34
Registry ofInstitutional Open Access Provision
Policies http//www.eprints.org/signup/sign.php

• Universities and research institutions who
  officially commit themselves to implementing the
  Berlin Declaration by adopting a systematic
  institutional self-archiving policy for their own
  peer-reviewed research output are invited to
  describe their policy in this Registry so that
  other institutions can follow their example.
• Self-archive unto others as ye
  would have them self-archive unto you
• Institution
  OA Archive(s)
  
  OA Policy
• AUSTRALIA Queensland Univ. Technology, Brisbane
  http//eprints.qut.edu.au/
  Policy
• FRANCE CNRS
  http//www.cnrs.fr/
  
  Policy
• FRANCE INRIA
  http//www.inria.f
  r/index.en.html
  Policy
• FRANCE Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS
  http//jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr/
  Policy
• FRANCE Institut Nat. de la Rech. Agronomique
  http//phy043.tours.inra.fr8080/
  Policy
• GERMANY Universitaet Hamburg
  http//www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/FZH/archiv.html
  Policy
• GERMANY Institute for Science Networking
  Oldenburg http//www.isn-oldenburg.de/publi
  cations.html Policy
• GERMANYBielefeld University
  http//bieson.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/index.ph
  p Policy
• GERMANY University of Bremen
  http//elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/
  Policy
• MULTINATIONAL CERN
  http//library.cern.ch/
  
  Policy
• SWITZERLAND University of Zurich
  
  Policy
• UK Southampton Univ. Electronics/Computer
  Science http//eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/
  Policy
• PORTUGAL Universidade do Minho, Portugal
  https//repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt
  Policy
• UK University of Southampton
  http//eprints.soton.ac.uk/
  Policy
• US University of Kansas
  http//kuscholarworks
  .ku.edu/
  Policy

35
Swan Brown (2005)49 of authors have
self-archived (at least once)81 would
self-archive willingly if required(only 15 of
articles are self-archived today)
36
MAXIMIZE ACCESS
TO MAXIMIZE IMPACT

• Universities Adopt a policy mandating open
  access for all university research outputExtend
  existing Publish or Perish policies to
  Publish with Maximal Impact

http//www.eprints.org/signup/sign.php
37
2. Departments Adopt a
departmental policy mandatingOpen Access for All
Research OutputCreate (and Fill)
OAI-compliant Eprint Archiveshttp//software.ep
rints.org/handbook/departments.php
38
3. University Libraries Provide digital
library support for university research
self-archiving and archive-maintenance (and
if/when university toll-cancellation savings
begin to grow, prepare to redirect 1/3 of annual
windfall savings to cover open-access journal
peer-review service-costsfor university research
output)

• http//www.eprints.org/self-faq/libraries-do

39
4. Universities and Research Institutions
Mandate open access for all research output.
http//www.eprints.org/signup/sign.phpAdopt a
standardized online-CV with harvestable
performance indicators and links to open-access
full-texts (template and demo below)

• http//paracite.eprints.org/cgi-bin/rae_front.cgi

40
5. Research Funders Mandate open access for
all research output. See proposal for a UK
national policy of open access for all refereed
research output for research assessment

• http//www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Temp/Ariadne-RA
  E.doc

as a model for the rest of the world
41
Lawrence (2001) findings for computer science
conference papers. More OA every year for all
citation levels higher with higher citation
levels
42
??????

• JCMC http//jcmc.huji.ac.il http//jcmc.usc.e
  du http//jcmc.indiana.edu
• Bibliography on the effect of open access
  http//opcit.eprints.org/
• Harnad http//ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad
• Budapest Online Access (BOA)
• Berlin Meetings

????' ???? ????? http//sheizaf.rafaeli.net
Sheizaf_at_rafaeli.net