Personality Theories

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Personality Theories

• Episode II
• Rise of the Behaviorist, Cognitives and
  Humanists.

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Behaviorist

• B.F. Skinner Radical Behaviorism
• No general descriptions use only observable and
  measurable terms.
• What are the contingencies of reinforcement.
• Hypothesis of behavior personality
• Subjects may be unaware of rewards that are
  shaping the behavior.

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Behaviorist Contingencies of Reinforcement.

• You are a ___________ person.
• What are your specific behaviors. (observable and
  measurable behaviors)
• What are the rewards that reinforce you
  behaviors/personality.

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Albert Bandura and The Social Learning Theory

• Personality is acquired by exposure to specific
  everyday role models.
• Change models/ Change personality
• (adolescents)
  
• Social Cognitive Theory - Reciprocal
  Determinism - Self-Efficacy and Outcome
  Expectations
  

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Cognitive Theories

• George Kelly Personal Construct Theory
• Based upon our perceptions of ourselves and our
  environment.
• Patterns of behavior based on anticipations or
  predictions about the world.

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Humanistic

• Carl Rogers
• Organism What you can do.
• Self What you think you can do
• Positive Regard
• Conditions of Worth- Creates Limitations
• Unconditional Positive Regard No Limitations
• Fully Functioning Individual
• Organism Self

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Abraham Maslow

• Hierarchy of Needs
• Growth and Self-Actualization.
• Self-Actualization The realization of our
  potential as humans.
• What motivates us?

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
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Self-Actualization

• reality-centered
• problem-centered
• different perception of means and ends. 
  
• -Ends dont necessarily justify the
  means.
• -That the means could be ends
  themselves
• - The journey is often more important
  than the ends.
• different way of relating to others 
  -Enjoy solitude/ comfortable being alone. 
   
• - Enjoy deeper personal
  relations with a few close friends

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• autonomy, a relative independence from physical
  and social needs. 
• resist enculturation, that is, they were not
  susceptible to social pressure to be "well
  adjusted" or to "fit in" -- they were, in fact,
  nonconformists in the best sense.
• unhostile sense of humor -- preferring to joke at
  their own expense, or at the human condition, and
  never directing their humor at others. 
• acceptance of self and others, by which he meant
  that these people would be more likely to take
  you as you are than try to change you into what
  they thought you should be.  This same acceptance
  applied to their attitudes towards themselves 
  If some quality of theirs wasnt harmful, they
  let it be, even enjoying it as a personal quirk. 
  On the other hand, they were often strongly
  motivated to change negative qualities in
  themselves that could be changed.  Along with
  this comes

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• spontaneity and simplicity
• humility and respect towards others
• strong ethics, which was spiritual but seldom
  conventionally religious in nature.
• freshness of appreciation, an ability to see
  things, even ordinary things, with wonder.

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• more peak experiences than the average person.  A
  peak experience is one that takes you out of
  yourself, that makes you feel very tiny, or very
  large, to some extent one with life or nature or
  God.  It gives you a feeling of being a part of
  the infinite and the eternal.  These experiences
  tend to leave their mark on a person, change them
  for the better, and many people actively seek
  them out.  They are also called mystical
  experiences, and are an important part of many
  religious and philosophical traditions.

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• imperfections he discovered along the way as
  well  First, they often suffered considerable
  anxiety and guilt -- but realistic anxiety and
  guilt, rather than misplaced or neurotic
  versions.  Some of them were absentminded and
  overly kind.  And finally, some of them had
  unexpected moments of ruthlessness, surgical
  coldness, and loss of humor.