WP5

1
WP5 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
Luis M. Camarinha-Matos cam_at_uninova.pt
2nd General meeting Roma, January 2005
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WP5 OBJECTIVES SCOPE
Establish a sound theoretical foundation for
collaborative networked organizations and to
promote and assess the adoption of formal and
semi-formal modeling methods and tools in the
consolidation of the existing and emerging
fragmented knowledge in this area
Contribute to establish a new scientific
discipline of Collaborative Networks

• Consolidation of knowledge
• Theoretical foundation
• Base concepts for CNOs
• Soft modeling contribution
• Network-centric reference models

3
EXTERNAL TRENDS
A major weakness in Virtual Organizations /
Collaborative Networks Lack of appropriate
theories, consistent paradigms
and formal modeling tools
Literature THINKcreative VOSTER Conferences Experi
ence
Ad-hoc experiments Fragmented (partial)
modeling Extend enterprise-centric models
Network-centric models

Social network analysis Organizational theories
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TRENDS ...
Developments in CNs have benefited from
contributions of multiple disciplines computer
science, computer engineering, communications and
networking, management, economy, social sciences,
law and ethics, etc.
Benchmarking
Decision Support
Distributed Group Dynamics
Diversity in Work Teams
Dynamic Ontologies
Knowledge Mapping
Complexity Theories
Memetics
Metaphors
Game Theory
MA Dependence Theory
Federated Systems
Multi-Agent Systems
ML / Bayesian Networks
Social Network Analysis
Network Analysis
Formal Engineering Methods
Soft Computing
Portfolio Theory
Formal Theories
Real Options Theory
Trust Building Models
Scopos Theory
Graph Theory
Web Text Mining
Synergetics
Self-organizing Systems
Temporal Modal Logic
Transaction Costs Theory
Semiotics
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WP5 SCHEDULE
36
Month 0
12
18
6
24
30
Reference models I
Theoretical Foundation
Models interoperability basis
Soft engineering models
Formal modeling foundation
Preparatory phase
CP2
CP3
M1
M2
CP1
M3
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WP5 RESULTS DELIVERABLES
Theoretical Foundation for CNOs
Formal and semi-formal modeling foundation for
CNOs
Reference models for CNOs
Soft modeling foundation
Models interoperability basis
19..36
1..18
19..36
13..30
D54.??
D53.??
D52.1
D51.1
D54.??
D53.??
D52.??
D51.2
D51.3
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WP5 PROGRESS TOWARDS THE GOALS

• Clarification of research methodology
• Identification of main modeling needs / purposes
• Progress on modeling framework
• Portfolio of promising tools / theories
• List of external experts per area
• Start concepts clearinghouse
• Start metaphors catalog
• Start hands-on experiments interaction
  with external experts

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WP5 Methodology
A
B
Modeling purposes Identification structuring
Portfolio of potentially useful Modeling tools/t
heories
Mapping Experiments
D
C
Models interoperability
Most promising (after hands-on assessment)
Model categories (after hands-on assessment)
E
Reference models (levels) for CNOs
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WP5 Modeling purposes / needs
Modeling framework initial discussion

• A
• Function view
• Information view
• Resources view
• Organization view

• B
• Nodes
• Links
• Network

• C
• Structural model
• Physical model
• Sequencing model
• Behavioral model
• Information / Knowledge model

• D
• Structural model
• Physical model
• Behavioral model

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MODELING FOCUS
Reference Models Definitions
Design
Scenarios
Abstract
Models
Simulate / Evaluate
Explain
Implement
Emerging manifestations
Implementations
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WP5 Modeling framework
Common structure
Modeling Universe
Abstract Modeling constructs
Real Universe
Domain specific entities
Focus Area B
Focus Area A
Identify common structures
Selection of abstract modeling constructs
Map modeling purposes into
abstract constructs
Selection of modeling framework
Identification of modeling purposes
...
12
WP5 Portfolio of tools / theories
13
WP5 Tools / theories preliminary assessment
14
WP5 Tools / theories Main priorities

• Priority 1
• Federated systems
• Formal engineering methods
• Formal theories
• Graph theory
• Self-organizing systems
• Semiotics
• Priority 2
• Complexity theories
• Game theory
• Metaphors
• Multi-agent systems
• Social network analysis
• Soft computing
• Trust building models
• Web and text mining

Hands-on assessment
Long-term research
Experiments
Workshops
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WP5 First workshop

• Topic selection
• Experts identification invitation
• Legal issues (taxes, contract letter, etc)
• Preparatory phase
• Workshop structure
• Workshop logistics

Trust building models and Self-Organizing
systems Antwerp, Belgium 14-15 Oct 2004
Kirsimarja Blomqvist Overview of trust and trust
building in networks Margeret Heath Trust
building and self-organizing systems Frans van
Eijnatten Chaordic Systems Thinking
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WP5 First workshop ...
Base concepts - Definition(s) of trust -
Trust as a multidisciplinary phenomenon - A
socio-cognitive model of trust - Dynamics in
trust
Fast building trust Role challenges of trust
in CNOs Trust building tools / mechanisms
institutions for CNOs
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WP5 First workshop ...
Basic concepts of self-organizing
systems Socio-cognitive model of
trust Self-organization Collaboration
Complexity theories Measures of complexity Chaos
theory Fractal systems Connectionist models
Distributed cognition Semiotics Holonic systems
Measures models of complexity Basic
principles of self-organization Trust weights
in multi-agent interactions
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WP5 First workshop ...
Basic principles of self-organization 1) No
interference from the outside. no grand
designer. 2) Future is dependent of what is
happening now. What is happening now is a state
in the system. Now is combination of outside
and inside coupling. 3) Process of a system
changing its own organization. Capitalizing on
its own patterns. Organization is invariant
(form is inherent). 4) Some changes lead to
increases in organization, some to none, and some
to less organization. 5) A system is more
stable in its disorganized state than in an
organized state. 6) Coordination arises through
interaction, and is distributed, non-centralized,
and always rewiring. Re-wiring is
internally/ makes different connections. No
central command system. 7) Self organizing
systems may have multiple equilibria, and may
even not have equilibium behaviour, and
require noise/ error in order to generate new
patterns in organization and maintain
themselves (self-regulate). 8 ) Global-scale
ordering emerges from local interactions this
local interaction is both competitive and
cooperative. 9) Interaction/ enactive feedback
loops maintain dynamics of these systems.
Feedback forms the architecture of causality. 10)
Global order acts back on local orderings.
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WP5 First workshop ...
Basic concepts of chaordic systems thinking -
Chaos, complexity, chaordic system, chaordic
systems thinking. - Chaordic systems properties
- Holonic systems - Concept of discontinuous
growth and self-iterative fractal pattern
Bifurcation Non-linear developments Weak
strong signals - The cross in the chaos Old
thinking, old doing Old thinking, new doing New
thinking, old doing New thinking, new doing The
process of chaordic change Application of CST to
ECOLEAD discussion - Chaordic approach to
development and change - Planning as a
non-linear decision-making tool for priority
setting at present, not as a linear
predictive tool
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WP5 Concepts clearinghouse
Common informal definitions Contributions
needed !
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WP5 Portfolio of metaphors
"Metaphors and other mental models provide a
means for individuals and, ultimately,
organizations to create and share their
understandings. These mental models establish
images, names and an understanding of how things
fit together." Hill M. Levenhagen 95
Contributions needed !
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WP5 First results
From the initial period
D51.1- Main modeling needs and approaches in CNOs

• Publications
• The emerging discipline of collaborative
  networksL. M. Camarinha-Matos (UNINOVA), H.
  Afsarmanesh (UvA)In Proceedings of PRO-VE04
  Virtual Enterprises and Collaborative Networks,
  Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-8138-3,
  pp 3-16, 23-26 Aug 2004.
• A contribution to understand collaboration
  benefitsL. M. Camarinha-Matos, A. Abreu
  (UNINOVA)In Proceedings of BASYS04 - Emerging
  Solutions for Future Manufacturing Systems,
  Springer, ISBN 0-387-22828-4, IFIP Vol. 159, pp.
  287-298, Set 2004.
• Collaborative networks A new scientific
  disciplineL. M. Camarinha-Matos (UNINOVA), H.
  Afsarmanesh (UvA)Accepted to Journal of
  Intelligent Manufacturing.

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WP5 Partners involvement
SoA trends
Portfolio of tools / theories List of experts
JSI
VTT
Modeling needs
BIBA
Uninova
Modeling framework
Siemens
Workshop participation
UvA
Workshop organization
UFSC
Hands-on Experiments (begin)
Concepts clearinghouse
Metaphors
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WP5 RELATIONSHIPS TO OTHER WPs
Main interactions during the 1st phase
WP1 / SSB
Status reporting
Recommendations
WP7
Models Concepts
WP5
Tools / theories Concepts Metaphors
Modeling needs Rough concepts
WP2
WP4
WP3
WP6
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WP5 NEEDS IN EDUCATION
Survey (approx. 80 leading universities)
In your opinion, which subjects should be
included in a CNO basic discipline?
Theoretical foundation
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WP5 HANDS-ON EXPERIMENTS
Assessment of promising modeling approaches and
theories in the context of CNOs
Dynamic ontologies (UvA) Federated DBs
(UvA) Benefits Analysis (Uni) Social Actors
Networks (Uni) Performance Measurement
(Biba) Benchmarking (Biba) Mathematical Modeling
(VTT) Graph Theory (JSI) Social Network Analysis
(JSI) Web Text Mining (JSI) Trust building
(UvA, JSI/VF) ...
Experiment description template
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WP5 HANDS-ON EXPERIMENTS ...
How difficult it was to model the CNO
case? (Quite hard, moderately difficult, Quite
easy) Coverage level (how many facets of the case
were covered) (Very limited, Limited,
Comprehensive) Accuracy (how accurate the
representation is) (Rough, Accurate, Very
accurate) Understandability (or how much
background knowledge is required to understand
the results) Levels of abstraction (Single level,
Multiple levels)
Experiment results reporting template

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WP5 DIFFICULTIES

• Still very little work on a theoretical
  foundation for CNOs
• Dependencies from progress on other WPs
• Some overlap with other WPs in the initial phase
• Limited inside experience with many of the
  promising approaches
• Legal issues -gt subcontracts with external
  experts

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WP5 NEXT STEPS

• Perform hands-on assessment experiments
• Organize more interactions with
• external experts
• Map approaches / theories to
• modeling needs
• Contribute to increase awareness
• and education
• Identify new research needs

Milestone 1
WP5
Identification and assessment of promising
modelling approaches and theories Mapping
between CNO modelling purposes / facets and
modelling tools as a basis for a first
theoretical foundation Update roadmap for
strategic research