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Information Architecture

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Discuss up your ideas (10 min) Group Work: Building a Site Plan ... Semiotics of the Web. Site Structure and Cognitive Design. Typography. Medium use. Browsers ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Information Architecture


1
Information Architecture Design
  • Week 5 Schedule
  • Planning IA Structures
  • Other Readings
  • Class Work User Analysis
  • Project Plan Review
  • Group Work Planning the Project Site

2
Class Work Planning a Site
  • What kind of site will you build?
  • Informational
  • Entertainment
  • Portfolio
  • Content display
  • Context with links
  • What resources do you have?
  • Content
  • Ideas
  • Circumstance
  • Discuss up your ideas (10 min)

3
Group Work Building a Site Plan
  • Discuss your ideas with your neighbor
  • Do you have too much initially planned?
  • Who is your user audience?
  • What will the site be used for?
  • Why would someone want to use your site?
  • What are the goals of the site?

4
Thesauri, Vocabularies Metadata
  • The Structure of Your Content (Part of the Plan)
  • Models the Information for the User (Content
    Modeling)
  • What Do You Do With Your Project Data (Content)?
  • Context
  • Descriptive
  • Prescriptive
  • Quality
  • Accuracy
  • Recency
  • Characteristics
  • Media / MIME type
  • Uses
  • Represent the Relationships Between Systems

5
What do we mean by Metadata?
  • What are some examples of metadata?
  • descriptive information about the context,
    quality and condition, or characteristics
  • Variability (does it depend on the situation?)
  • Intended uses?
  • Is there a ideal world of (forms) metadata out
    there?
  • Metadata can define the context

6
Controlled Vocabularies
  • Establish Consistencies
  • For the Content
  • For the Developers
  • On the Site Apparent to the Users
  • Just Synonyms?
  • Lists of Equivalents (Index)
  • Aliases (Authority File)
  • Also an Implied or Overt Hierarchy
  • Synonym Ring (which isnt) p178
  • Based on Users Understanding
  • Improved Upon by IA
  • Iterative Process to Discover Alternate Words
    Concepts
  • Not Just for Search

7
Building Your Authority File
  • List of preferred terms or acceptable values p180
  • The Mission Statement for your Content
  • Acronyms, Abbreviations
  • Multiple terms (term rotation?)
  • Cases (Upper, Lower and Mixed)
  • Labels for Button Graphics too
  • Use a Central File to Keep Current
  • Authority.txt
  • Keep updated throughout the project

8
Classification Schemes
  • Taxonomy (more than one?)
  • Front End
  • Users (Personalized)
  • Interface (Browse)
  • Back End
  • Information Architecture
  • Content Management
  • System (Search)
  • Technical Approaches
  • LIS CS
  • Top-Down Bottom-Up
  • Content Task
  • All of the above?

9
Semantic Relationships
  • Equivalence (Alternate Names)
  • Derived (Rules)
  • Vocabulary (Uses)
  • Hierarchical (Relationships)
  • Strong (Inherited)
  • City - Austin
  • Instance (Classes)
  • Texas - Austin
  • Associative (Checklist for Approval)
  • Based on Understanding of Content
  • Based on Understanding of Users

10
Thesauri - What kind do you need?
  • Hierarchical Relationship
  • Equivalence Relationship
  • Associative Relationship
  • Preferred Term
  • Varian Term (synonyms)
  • Broader Term (preferreds parent)
  • Narrower Term (preferreds child)
  • Related (see also, synonyms)
  • Use (rules for where and when)
  • Scope (restricts meaning)

11
Thesaurus Types
  • Classic
  • Links
  • Keywords
  • Subject Index
  • LoC
  • Index
  • Browsable
  • Appearance
  • Ordering (Multiple orders)
  • Relational
  • See also
  • Hierarchy
  • Document versus Site

12
Faceted Classification
  • Multiple Dimensions
  • Now More Applicable to Digital Information
  • Personality, Matter, Energy, Space, Time
  • Topic, Product, Document Type, Audience,
    Geography, Price
  • Commerce Examples
  • What other kinds of views?
  • Flamenco

13
Taxonomy of Decisions Actions
  • Now not just the taxonomies of content, but how
    people work
  • Purpose of the Search
  • Method to Find Information
  • Content of the Information Being Searched
  • GVU Survey Question
  • Recent instance of important information found
  • Critical Incident Technique
  • Complete Instances
  • Known Consequences (Results)
  • Morrison 2001

14
Taxonomy pt. 2
  • Taxonomies of Web Activities
  • Why people searched the Web
  • How search the Web
  • What information searched
  • Analysis of Responses from Survey into Experiment
  • Purpose Taxonomy
  • Method Taxonomy
  • Content Taxonomy

15
Human Information Behavior
  • Information Seeking (Strategies)
  • Information Searching (Strategies)
  • Information Use
  • Physical Actions
  • Mental Actions
  • Focus on the User
  • Wilson 2001

16
New Models of Info Behavior pt. 2
17
New Models of Info Behavior pt. 3
  • Problem Solving
  • System Actions
  • Integration of Actions

18
Rapid Ethnography
  • Like Rapid Prototyping Usability Inspection
  • Field Work (is being there half the work?)
  • Wide-angled lens
  • Ethnography
  • People (Practice)
  • Environments (Native)
  • Activities (Context)
  • Cultural Observation and Analysis
  • Elicit User Requirements
  • More Focused (Decisions)
  • Millen 2000

19
Rapid Ethnography pt. 2
  • Short Studies
  • Comparisons to Other Studies
  • Zoom in On Key Activities
  • Multiple Datasets (Critical Incidents)
  • Observations
  • Recording
  • Activity Walkthroughs
  • Interviews (Structured)
  • Selection of Instances that Yield Incidents
  • Key Times
  • Key Users

20
Rapid Ethnography pt. 3
  • Automated Data Analysis
  • Team Data Analysis
  • Scenario Analysis (storyboards)
  • Pictorial Storytelling (metaphors)
  • Lightweight Deliverables
  • Drawings (Sketches)
  • Notes (not Reports)
  • Incomplete
  • Prototypes
  • Cognitive Mapping (assumptive)
  • Substitute for Full or Complete Studies

21
How Do We Really Use the Web?
  • Reading vs. Scanning
  • Quality of Elements
  • Quantity of Elements
  • Purpose of Pages
  • Satisficing
  • Guessing with Speed
  • Low Penalties (Back)
  • Testing Boundaries
  • Muddling and Forging Ahead
  • Stick with what works
  • Not concerned with understanding
  • Krug 2000

22
Design vs. Practice
23
Semiotics of the Web
  • Site Structure and Cognitive Design
  • Typography
  • Medium use
  • Browsers
  • Message content
  • Paper
  • Web
  • Appeal
  • Attention (interest)
  • Relevance (needs and motives)
  • Confidence (expectation achievement)
  • Accessibility
  • Culture
  • Physical
  • Smart, et al. 2000

24
Learning and Interests (Users)
  • Learning is Remembering What Youre Interested In
  • Cultivating Interest
  • Relevance
  • Interests vs. Obligations
  • Examples for Understanding
  • Metaphors
  • Content Presentation
  • Architecture is Making Connections

25
Designing for Users
  • Permutations
  • Connections
  • Facts vs. Ideas
  • Discovery vs. JITI

26
Class Work Who Will Use the Site?
  • Who are your target users?
  • All of the possible users?
  • What do you want users to get from your site?
  • Is the site a Searching (JiTi) site?
  • A Browsing and Learning site?
  • Do you need different taxonomies for each type of
    user?
  • Whats the best general taxonomy for describing
    and organizing your site?

27
Group Work User Analysis
  • What do your users have in common?
  • What are their differences?
  • What design decisions need to be specifically
    planned for as essential for your users?
  • What will the information on your site be used
    for? (Wilson)
  • Rapid Ethnography take on the role of some of
    your users and ask questions.

28
Deliverables for Next Week
  • Sitemap diagram of your proposed project
  • One page, printed
  • Include your name and email address
  • User model (scenario starter)
  • One page, printed
  • Include your name and email address
  • What the site is about
  • In two sentences (at most)
  • Briefly describe
  • Who will use the site
  • Why?
  • When?
  • Save this digital document for part of your class
    project portfolio
  • Due at the beginning of class next week
  • Start thinking about the controlled vocabulary
    for your site
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