Holocaust, Zionism, the 1948 War

1
Holocaust, Zionism, the 1948 War

• Professor Gad Barzilai

2
The Holocaust 1933-1945

• A Genocide

3
To the Death Camps
4
Six Millions
5
The Reaction in the Jewish Yishuv

• The change in Zionism from immigration to
• Practical national independence

6
Biltmore Declaration

• Towards a Jewish State May 11, 1942)
• The Conference calls for the fulfillment of
  the original purpose of the Balfour Declaration
  and the Mandate which recognizing the historical
  connection of the Jewish people with Palestine'
  was to afford them the opportunity, as stated by
  President Wilson, to found there a Jewish
  Commonwealth

7
Towards a StateArmed Forces

• Trying to consolidate a national
• military force

8
Towards a State- Immigration

• Greater immigration to Palestine from 400,000 to
  650,000

9
Towards a State- Land

• More land purchase, more land settlements

10
Towards a State- political parties

• A multi-partisan system a dominant party
• 
  

11
Towards a state- states organs

• Establishing a national bureaucracy and other
  states organs

12
The Partition Plan

• UN Resolution 181 11/29/1947
• Independent Arab and Jewish States and the
  Special International Regime for the City of
  Jerusalem, set forth in part III of this plan,
  shall come into existence in Palestine two months
  after the evacuation of the armed forces of the
  mandatory Power has been completed but in any
  case not later than 1 October 1948. The
  boundaries of the Arab State, the Jewish State,
  and the City of Jerusalem shall be as described
  in parts II and III below."

13
The 1947-1948 Map
14

• Data Arab and Jewish States 1947-1948

15
The War of 1948 Inter-State
16
The War of 1948- Communities
17
The Palestinian Question

• Res. 194 (11) December 11, 1948
• the refugees wishing to return to their homes
  and live at peace with their neighbors should be
  permitted to do so at the earliest practicable
  date, and that compensation should be paid for
  the property of those choosing not to return and
  for loss of or damage to property which, under
  principles of international law or in equity,
  should be made good by the Governments or
  authorities responsible

18
Ceasefire 1949
19
The Holocaust as Jewish memory

• State legislation and the Eichmann Trial

20
The Holocaust as Jewish memory

• Nationalization of the holocaust as a main
• Fundamental in states ideology

21
The Holocaust as Jewish memory

• Never Again
• Siege Mentality
• Self Reliance

22
The Tragedy of Collective Memories

• How the Past is becoming the Present
• The 1948 roots of intractable conflict
• Land borders
• Refugees
• Jerusalem- holy places
• Legitimacy