3 research designs

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9 2 08

• Chapter 2
• 3 research designs
• Chapter 3
• What and why
• Eysenck, Cattell, circumplex, Big 5

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Research designs
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Here, we emphasize

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case study method
• Who should have a case study?

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Tortured animals
• Started fires
• Prolonged bedwetting
• (Classic antisocial predictors)

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Life experiences
• Was
• Rejected by fiancee

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Inferred traits
• Sense of entitlement
• High
• (Classic psychopath)

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case studies
• - might not generalize

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Chapter 3 trait taxonomies
• Groups things together (e.g., furniture)
• Distinguishes things (pets ? furniture)
• In personality
• Should be distinguished?

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Why a taxonomy?
• Studying each
• 100s small, specific traits
• How do they relate?
• Which of broad importance?

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Goal of taxonomy
• Establishing
• Lexical approach (e.g., synonyms)
• Factor analysis (groups items statistically)
• (example of the latter method)

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Fact 1
  Fact 2 Fact 3
• Humorous .66 .06 .19
• Amusing .65 .23 .02
• Popular .57 .13 .22
• Hard-working .05 .63 .01
• Productive .04 .52 .19
• Determined .23 .52 .08
• Imaginative .01 .09 .62
• Original .13 .05 .53
• Inventive .06 .26 .47

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Ch 3 Traits Taxonomies

• Taxonomies
• 1. Eysencks EPN
• 2. Cattells 16PF
• 3. Interpersonal circumplex
• 4. Big 5

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Born 1916 in Germany
• Moves to London during Hitlers rise to power
• Most cited psychologist
• Died 1998

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Eysencks model
• Somewhat theoretical
• E
• N
• P psychoticism

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Hierarchical Structure of Extraversion-Introversio
n (E)

• Sociable
• Lively
• Assertive
• Sensation-seeking
• Carefree
• Dominant

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Hierarchical Structure of Neuroticism (N)

• Anxious
• Depressed
• Low SE
• Tense
• Irrational
• Moody

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Hierarchical Structure ofPsychoticism (P)

• Aggressive
• Cold
• Egocentric
• Antisocial
• Unempathic
• Tough-minded

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Cattells taxonomy
• Born in England, 1905
• Worked with
• Wanted comprehensive taxonomy
• Died 1998, same as Eysenck

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• As convinced of them
• This A, B, C
• Believed in
• 16 factors (not just 3)

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Factor A warmth (similar to E)
• Factor B intelligence
• Factor C emotional stability (-N)
• Factor E dominance (now part of E)
• Factor F impulsivity
• And so on

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Highly correlated
• No one replicates 16

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex)
• Leary
• influential
• Circumplex
• Book
• (not worth 600 pages though!)

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Developed measures
• Dominance extraversion/dominance
• Nurturance agreeableness/warmth

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies
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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Wiggins
• Statistical implications of
• Adjacency
• Bipolarity
• Orthogonality

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Big 5 circumplex

• Advantages of circumplex
• Relatively rich theory of E, A
• (first 2 factors)
• Disadvantages of circumplex
• Big 5

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• McCrae, Costa, John, Goldberg, Saucier
• Somewhat consensual model

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The Five-Factor ModelHistory

• Allport and Odbert (1936)
• 17,953 trait terms
• 4,500 are stable traits
• Cattell (1943)
• Factor analysis of 171 of these stable traits
• 35 clusters
• Fiske (1949)
• Reduces this to 22
• Factor analysis results in 5 factors

• Tupes Christal (1961)
• Replicate Fiske
• Norman (1963) replicates Tupes Christal, and
  writes a review about these big five traits
• McCrae and Costa
• Many pubs confirming Big 5
• And ability to capture other variables
• E.g., self-esteem
• E.g., psychoticism
• A unifying taxonomy for personality traits

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Big 5
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• variance
• OCEAN

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• Warmth
• Gregariousness
• Assertiveness
• Activity
• Excitement seeking
• Positive emotions

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• Trust
• Straightforwardness
• Altruism
• Compliance
• Modesty
• Tender-mindedness

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• Competence
• Order
• Dutifulness
• Achievement striving
• Self-discipline
• Deliberation

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Anxiety Angry hostility Depression Self-consciousn
ess Impulsiveness Vulnerability
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• Fantasy
• Aesthetics
• Feelings
• Actions
• Ideas
• Values

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• FFM/Big 5
• Different
• Different historical periods
• Different

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Extraverts
• Downside
• They get into more danger
• E.g., car fatalities

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Agreeable people
• Motivated
• Good at

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Conscientious people
• Better employees
• In relationships
• more committed thoughtful

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Neurotics
• Low SE
• Health problems complaints

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Open people
• Like new foods
• Less prejudiced

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Big 5 personality inventory

• Big 5 inventory
• Lets administer one
• Responses anonymous
• However, need ID
• Choose 2 word phrase will remember
• E.g., fuzzy bunny
• E.g., car parts
• E.g., pots pans
• E.g., frozen tundra

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Big 5 personality inventory

• Write ID on top
• Complete, hand in
• Done for today