Body Systems Review

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Body Systems Review
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The Human Body has Levels of Organization

• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ Systems

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Cells

• The smallest functional unit of an organism
• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell
• Different cell types have different functions

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Tissue

• Cells combine to form tissue
• Tissue are similar groups of cells that all have
  the same function

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Organs

• Tissues combine into more complex structures
  called Organs
• Organs are groups of different kinds of tissues
  working together.

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Organ Systems

• Organs work together in Organ Systems
• Organ systems are organs working together to do a
  certain job

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Digestive System

• Provides fuel that all the cells in the body need
• Digestion breaks foods down into usable nutrients
  (Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and
  vitamins)
• Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine in
  little finger-like structures called villi

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Circulatory System

• The circulatory system is the bodys
  transportation system.
• It carries nutrients from the digestive system
  and oxygen from the respiratory system to all the
  cells in the body.
• It also carries wastes away from body cells so
  the body can eliminate them.

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Respiratory System

• The respiratory system brings oxygen into the
  lungs so that it can be carried through the body
  by the circulatory system
• The respiratory system also removes gaseous
  wastes (Carbon Dioxide) from your body when you
  exhale.
• Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood in the
  alveoli of the lungs. It enters capillaries and
  is carried through the blood.

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Excretory System

• Removes Waste such as salts, waste gases and
  other toxins from your body
• Undigested food and water from digestive system
• Carbon dioxide and water from respiratory system
• Salts and other organic compounds exit through
  skin
• Water, salts and metabolic waste out through urine

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Skeletal System

• Provides structure for the human body
• Allows movement
• Protects vulnerable internal organs
• Blood cells for the circulatory system are
  produced in the bone marrow

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Muscle System

• Muscles work with the skeleton to allow movement
• Muscles can only contract or relax
• Muscles work in pairs
• Muscles can be voluntary or involuntary

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3 types of muscles

• Smooth found in organs and blood vessels
• Striated found in skeletal muscles
• Cardiac- found ONLY in the heart

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Immune System (Lymphatic System)

• Fights disease and infections
• Parts Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and tonsils
• Lymphocytes (specialized white blood cells)
  attack infections and help your body fight off
  illnesses
• Lymph nodes filter out the foreign material found
  by the lymphocytes

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Nervous System

• Responds to internal and external changes in the
  bodys environment.
• Helps maintain homeostasis
• Homeostasis is keeping life-maintaining
  conditions in your body stable, despite internal
  or external changes.

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Parts of the Nervous System

• Nerve Cells
• Brain
• Spinal Chord

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Parts of a Nerve Cell (Neuron)

• Cell Body contains the nucleus
• Dendrites branch like structures that receive
  messages from other neurons and send them to the
  cell body.
• Axons - Axons carry messages away from the cell
  body. (Think A for AXON, A for AWAY)

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