Minerals - Part II

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Minerals - Part II
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7 Major mineral groups

• Natures most common building block in rock
  forming minerals is the
• Silica Tetrahedra SiO4

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1) Silicate Minerals

• Quartz is the second
• most abundant
• mineral on the
• earths crust
• (the most abundant element on the earths crust
  is therefore oxygen)

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• Quartz is used for glass, jewelry and electronics

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Feldspars

• Feldspar is the
• most abundant
• family of minerals
• on the earths crust.
• The various feldspar
• minerals make up
• over 60 percent of the crust.
• (Aluminum ions replace silicon ions)

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Feldspars

• Feldspar is used for ceramics (china) and glass

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Micas

• Micas are soft silicates found in many rocks -
  micas most distinctive feature is that it has one
  cleavage surface they are pearly and flake
  easily

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Micas

• Micas are used for
• electronic insulation

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Amphiboles

• complex type in the silica group where iron and
  magnesium have replaced a silica ion.

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Carbonates

• Carbonate mineral group is made up of compounds
  of one carbon and 3 oxygen atoms (CO3) joined
  with various metal ions

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Carbonates

• react with acid (HCl) calcite reacts strongly
  with acid, other carbonate minerals react only
  mildly with acid.

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Other Carbonate Minerals

• Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
• Siderite FeCO3

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Oxides

• Metal oxygen oxide
• For example
• Hematite Fe2O3
• Franklinite (Zn,Mn,Fe)2 (Fe,Mn)3
  2O4

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Sulfides

• Metal sulfur sulfide
• For Example
• Pyrite FeS2

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Sulfates

• Sulfur 4 Oxygen atoms Sulfate SO4
• For example Barite BaSO4

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Halites (Salts)

• Compounds of elements and chlorine, fluorine,
  iodine or bromine
• For example
• table salt NaCl,

potassium salt KCl
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Native Elements

• Elements found uncombined with other elements,
  For example

gold
silver
copper
sulfur
diamond
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7 Mineral Groups (in relative order of abundance)

• Silicates minerals that contain silicon
  oxygen, and usually one more element
• Carbonates contains carbon w/3 oxygen atoms
• Sulfates contains sulfur w/four oxygen atoms
• Halides compounds of certain elements and
  chlorine, fluorine, iodine or bromine
• Oxides compounds of elements and oxygen
  (usually rust looking)
• Sulfides compounds of elements and sulfur
• Native Elements elements found uncombined
  w/other elements (copper, gold, etc)

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• Single chain silicates

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• End here

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Look familiar?

• Felspar
• Microcline
• Distinguishing feature
• the laminae little veins in the mineral

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• Garnet
• Ca3Al2(SiO4)3

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Look familiar?

• Hornblende
• striated appearance
• hexagonal cross-section
• Dark-dark green to black

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Look familiar?

• Magnetite
• magnetic

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Look familiar?

• Olivine
• Light to dark green
• Really hard (6.5-7)

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Look familiar?

• Franklinite
• Stubby metallic crystals, usually in calcite

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Look familiar?

• Zincite
• red
• vitreous
• orange-yellow streak
• Willmenite
• green
• strongly fluorescent green