EECE631 Microcomputer System Design

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EECE631 Microcomputer System Design

• Spring 2008
• Lecture 1 Introduction
• Chris Lewis
• clewis_at_ksu.edu
• www.eece.ksu.edu/clewis

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Misc

• Grades
• Worst Case
• 90,80,70,60

• Work Hard
• Learn from your mistakes
• Dont Cheat
• Yourself
• Your classmates

3
Outline

• Course Outline
• Course Emphasis
• Lab outline
• References - where to get more info.
• Terminology
• Software

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Course Outline

• Software (5 weeks)
• - Hardware and Assembly language
• - Debugging and Debuggers
• - C programming for Microprocessors
• Hardware (5 weeks)
• - Exceptions and Interrupts Testing
• - onboard peripherals
• Systems (4 weeks)
• - Timing
• - Other Micros and future trends
• Exams (1 week)

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Outline

• Course Outline
• Course Emphasis
• Lab outline
• References - where to get more info.
• Terminology
• Software

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Course Emphasis

• Course Objectives
• - Embedded System Emphasis
• Program can reside in ROM
• Software interface to outside world
• - Overall project framework
• - Hands On
• Demonstrate programs work

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Outline

• Course Outline
• Course Emphasis
• Lab Outline
• References - where to get more info.
• Terminology
• Software

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Lab Outline

• Software - Emphasis on C Programming
• - Assembly
• - Debuggers
• - C programming and assembly relationship
• Hardware
• - Testing
• - MIOS and Discrete I/O
• - A/D and D/A conversion
• - SPI
• - PWM and wave form capture
• Project
• - 2 person combines hardware and software
• - Program in C

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Outline

• Course Outline
• Course Emphasis
• Lab outline
• References - where to get more info.
• Terminology
• Software

10
References

• Course Web Site
• - http//www.eece.ksu.edu/clewis
• Books
• -Users and Reference Manuals for Processor
• - Any C programming book
• - Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in
  C and C ,1999, OReilly Associates,
  Inc.(Pub) (Recommended)
• - Any ARM Programming Book

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Outline

• Course Outline
• Course Emphasis
• Lab outline
• References - where to get more info.
• Terminology
• Software

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Cycle Terminology
Clock Cycle - time for the internal clock to
complete one cycle Bus Cycle - Time for processor
to bring a word from memory. Shown as two clock
cycles in drawing. May include wait states making
for a variable number of clock cycles Instruction
cycle - time for an instruction to complete.
Shown as two bus cycles or four clock cycles.
Time may depend on instruction.
clock cycle


-----------
Bus cycle
Instruction cycle
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Terminology

• RISC
• CISC
• SOC
• ASIC
• Nibble
• Byte
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC
• SOC
• ASIC
• Nibble
• Byte
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC
• ASIC
• Nibble
• Byte
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC
• Nibble
• Byte
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble
• Byte
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble 4 bits
• Byte
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble 4 bits
• Byte 8 bits
• Half-Word
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble 4 bits
• Byte 8 bits
• Half-Word 16 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)
• Word
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble 4 bits
• Byte 8 bits
• Half-Word 16 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)
• Word 32 bits (Normally internal data bus size)
• Double Word
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble 4 bits
• Byte 8 bits
• Half-Word 16 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)
• Word 32 bits (Normally internal data bus size)
• Double Word 64 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)
• Quad Word

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Terminology

• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• SOC System on a Chip
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Nibble 4 bits
• Byte 8 bits
• Half-Word 16 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)
• Word 32 bits (Normally internal data bus size)
• Double Word 64 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)
• Quad Word 128 bits (on a 32 bit machine only)

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Terminology

• Big-Endian Bit Ordering
• Big-Endian Byte Ordering
• Little-Endian Bit Ordering
• Little-Endian Byte Ordering

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Terminology

• Big-Endian Bit Ordering left most bit is bit 0,
  right most bit is N-1 on N bit Machine (The ARM
  default)
• Big-Endian Byte Ordering - byte 0 is stored in
  the lowest address, byte N-1 is stored in the
  highest address on N byte transfer (The ARM
  default)
• Little-Endian Bit Ordering
• Little-Endian Byte Ordering

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Care about Endians

• Define a C style data structure on your embedded
  processor.
• Transmit each byte to a PC via a serial port
• Receive these bytes in a buffer on a PC
• Cast the buffer to the same structure
• Result Garbage

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Big-Endian
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Big-Endian
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Terminology

• Big-Endian Bit Ordering left most bit is bit 0,
  right most bit is N-1 on N bit Machine
• Big-Endian Byte Ordering - byte 0 is stored in
  the lowest address, byte N-1 is stored in the
  highest address on N byte transfer
• Little-Endian Bit Ordering - left most bit is bit
  N-1, right most bit is 0 on N bit Machine (Like
  MC68HC11)
• Little-Endian Byte Ordering - byte N-1 is stored
  in the lowest address, byte 0 is stored in the
  highest address on N byte transfer (The MC68HC11)

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Little Endian
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Little-Endian
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Outline

• Course Outline
• Course Emphasis
• Lab outline
• References - where to get more info.
• Terminology
• Software Terminology

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Software Terminology

• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
• High Level Language
• Assembler
• Compiler
• Linker
• Emulator
• Debugger
• Source File
• Listing File
• Object File
• Download File

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Software Terminology

• Machine Language The language of 1s and 0s.
  Only language the computer understands. Lowest
  level programming language.

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Software Terminology

• Assembly Language A programming language that
  allows the use of mnemonics in place of binary
  machine language instructions
• Assembler A program that allows the computer to
  translate assembly language to machine language
• Object file A machine language program that is
  the result of assembly process performed by an
  assembler

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Assembly Language Statement

• Standard format
• Label Mnemonic Operand(s) Comments
• Optional
• As required, separated by commas
• Optional and may require special beginning
  character
• The four fields are separated by one or more
  spaces or tabs.

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Software Terminology

• High Level Language Programming language that
  uses English language words and mathematical
  symbols, requires no knowledge of the computer
• Compiler A program that translates a complete
  high-level language program to a machine language
  object program. Goes through an assembler. The
  results of the assembler may or may not be
  visible
• Linker A program that combines source-file
  object code with object code from library files
  and other related files and places the completed
  code in specified memory for specific processor.

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Software Flow
Compiler
Asm Code
Source Code C
Assembler
File.c
File.lst File.s
File.elf
Debugger
Object Code
Linker
Executable
File.o
File.hex
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Software Terminology

• Source File A program written in either
  assembly or a high-level language. Normally the
  top level file.
• Listing File A text file that is generated by
  either the assembler or compiler that shows the
  source code instructions and any error messages
  that might have been detected during the
  compilation and/or assembly process.
• Download File The machine code in the proper
  format to download into a specific machine

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Software Terminology

• Emulator A computer program that simulates a
  specific microprocessor and allows you to run
  object code generated by an assembler or compiler
  to test it without having to have the specific
  microprocessor hardware
• Debugger A computer program that controls
  program execution on specific hardware and shows
  the internal operation of the computer.

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Summary

• Course description
• lecture
• Lab
• Project
• Terminology
• Hardware
• Software
• Homework Assignment

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Next Time

• Homework 1 due at beginning of class