Excretion

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A D M E
Excretion
Cleaning up the blood
Salts Water Toxins Nitrogenous materials
MECHANISMS

• osmosis
• facilitated diffusion
• cotransport
• antitransport
• active transport

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The Kidney(s)
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cortex
ADH - antidiuretic hormone Vasopressin
medulla
pelvis
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H
blood
HCO31-
H
H2CO3
H2O CO2
cannot be reabsorbed by tubules
both can be reabsorbed into the blood
secreted by tubule cells in exchange for Na
kidney tubule
In the blood the reverse reaction reinstates the
bicarbonate for the blood-buffer system.
A-
A-
Lipophilic conjugate acids with low pKas will
pass back into the blood.
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Kidney Disease
Artificial Kidney
full recovery
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Methyl Xanthines
http//www.erowid.org
http//www.congocookbook.com/c0177.html
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Diuretic Drugs
pharmacological class
thiazides
SITES OF ACTION
K-sparing
osmotic diuretics
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
structural class
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Diuretic Drugs
duration 4-6 hours
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in proximal tubule
by reducing HCO3- reabsorption
inhibit Na, Cl- cotransport in the late distal
tubule
duration 6-8 hours
can lead to plasma hyperkalemia
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Diuretic Drugs
Osmotic Diuretics
D.
glycerin (oral) mannitol (parenteral) urea
(parenteral) isosorbide (oral)
C.
A.
B.
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Gout
hyperuricemia
increased production decreased excretion decreased
reuse of purines
1 in 4 who have gout have a family history of it
strong genetic relationship usually men primary
form is idiopathic
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sodium urate crystals
tophi
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believed to have brought colchicine to the United
States from Europe
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xanthine oxidase inhibitor
source autumn crocus
prophylactic -teratogenic
decreases joint inflammation
also NSAIDs and indomethacin prednisone
both can cause kidney stones
uricosuric
uricosuric