Agenda

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Agenda

• Part 1 - Overview
• Virtualization overview
• Usage scenarios for virtualization
• Virtualization licensing and support
• Part 2 - Architecture and Future
• Architecture of Virtual Server
• The need for VM Additions
• Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1
• Hardware-assisted virtualization
• Windows Virtualization and Hypervisor (Viridian)
• Part 3 - Operations
• Virtual Server host and guest clustering
• Virtual Server backup and recovery
• Performance optimization of Virtual Server
• Part 4 - Management
• Scripting Virtual Server
• System Center Virtual Machine Manager (Carmine)
• For further information
• Useful links / whitepapers / software download

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Windows VirtualizationVMM arrangements
Type-2 VMM
Type-1 VMM Hypervisor
Hybrid VMM
Guest 1
Guest 2
Guest 1
Guest 2
Guest 1
Guest 2
VMM
Host OS
VMM
VMM (Hypervisor)
Host OS
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware

• Examples
• - JVM
• - .NET CLR

• Examples
• - Virtual PC
• - Virtual Server

Example - Windows Virtualization ("Viridian")
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Windows Virtualization

• Virtualization for Windows Server
• Code name "Viridian" ( color rgb 64-130-109
  )
• Windows Hypervisor
• Thin layer of software, underneath "host OS"
  (160 KB)
• Parent partition - manages child partitions
• Child partition - any number of OS, managed by
  parent
• Virtualization Stack
• Runs in root partition ( parent partition)
• Provides virtualization of devices
• WMI interface for management
• Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs)
• Hardware sharing architecture
• Need "viridian" drivers in guest

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Windows Virtualization

• Virtualization for Windows Server
• Requires
• x64 hardware
• Intel VT / AMD-V processor
• Provides
• 32-bit and 64-bit guest
• Max 8 CPU per VM
• Hot "add" processor, memory, network, disk
• 32 GB RAM per VM
• Live virtual machine migration
• Multiple snapshots
• No new driver model
• Can use existing Windows drivers in guest
• Same set of emulated hardware
• S3 Trio video card, DEC 21440 network card, etc
• Support for Server Core as parent OS

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Architecture
Host
Guest (VM)
AdminWeb Site
Virtual ServerService
IIS
Guest Applications
Ring 3
Ring 3
Ring 1
VM Additions
Windows in VM
Virtual hardware
Ring 0
Win2003 or WinXP
Kernel
VMM.sys
Hardware
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Windows Virtualization
Parent partition
Child partition
Virtualization Stack
WMI
VM Service
VM Worker
Guest Applications
Ring 3
Windows (core)
Windows
VSPs
VSCs
Kernel
Kernel
VMBus
Enlightments
Ring 0
Windows Hypervisor
Ring "-1"
Hardware
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Windows VirtualizationVSC - VSP Communication
Parent Partition
Child Partitions
Provided by
Windows
Windows Virtualization
ISV
Kernel Mode
Hardware
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Virtual Server 2005 vsWindows Server
Virtualization
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Networking

• Create .vnc-files to define "virtual switches"
• Three settings per vnc-file
• - Network name
• - Connected to which host network adapter
  or to None (guest-only)
• - DHCP settings for this switch
• Pre-defined vnc-files
• Internal network.vnc
• Separate vnc-file for each host network adapter
• Unique MAC-address assigned
• Unlimited network speed (not max 10/100 Mbps)

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Disks

• Data store in virtual hard disk (.vhd) files
• File format is the same
• Virtual PC 2004
• Virtual Server 2005
• Windows Virtualization (future)
• Max sizes
• IDE (VPC2004) 130,557 MB ( 127.5 GB)
• IDE (VS2005) 130,048 MB ( 127.0 GB)
• SCSI (VS2005) 2,088,960 MB ( 2040.0 GB)

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DisksVHD Format

• Free license from Microsoft
• www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserve
  r/techinfo/vhdspec.mspx
• 45 vendors signed up (April 2006)
• Examples
• Diskeeper
• PlateSpin
• WinImage
• XenSource
• From 17-Oct-2006
• Unregistered download available

Virtual Hard Disk Format Specification
Introductions Overview of Virtual Hard Disk
Types Virtual hard disk Footer Format
Dynamically expanding .VHD Header Format Block
Allocation Table and Data Blocks Implementing a
Dynamically expanding .VHD Mapping a Disk
Sector to a Sector in the Block Splitting
virtual hard disks Implementing a Differencing
virtual hard disk CHS Calculation
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VHD Types
2TB
1GB
Host
2TB
Guest
2TB
Host
2TB
Guest
Session
SP1
SP2
Host
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VHD Test Drive Program

• New announced 6-Nov-2006
• Fully configured VHD-files
• Downloadable from Microsoft's Web site
• Evaluation versions
• Expires after 30 days
• Partners can also provide their applications
• See www.microsoft.com/vhd for more information

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VHD Mount ToolAccess VHD content offline

• VHDMount tool is included with VS2005 R2 SP1
• Can install separate
• Use as command-line tool
• Use for copying or injecting files, inspecting,
  virus-scanning
• Do not use for offline patching (yet)

C\gt msiexec.exe /i "Virtual Server 2005
Install.msi" /qn ADDLOCALVHDMount
C\Program Files\Microsoft Virtual
Server\Vhdmountgt vhdmount.exe Usage VHDMOUNT /p
VHDFileName - mounts
vhd-file VHDMOUNT /m VHDFileName DriveLetter -
mounts vhd-file, assign drive letters VHDMOUNT /u
VHDFileName All - unmounts vhd-file or
all VHDMOUNT /q VHDFileName All -
lists mounted vhd-file or all
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VHD EnhancementsWindows Virtualization

• While VM is running
• Compact VHD-file
• Create new diff-disk (snapshotting)
• Create VHD-chain
• Schedule snapshot every 10 minutes
• Merge
• Hot add VHD-file
• Add VHD-file notes
• Think 1000s of VHD-files on network
• Pass-through VHD - map to SAN

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Differencing disks

• VHD files use blocks of 2 MB

Virtual Server service
Link toparent
1
2
4
Read only
3
File-a.doc
File-b.doc
File-d.doc
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DisksRead/write zero-filled files

• VHD file format optimizes read/write
  ofzero-filled blocks
• Best example empty pagefile.sys

Virtual Server service
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Compact VHD Files

• Steps
• Note Does not work on differencing disks
• In VM - Cleanup
• Startup VM without Undo disks
• 1 Defragment disk
• 2 Zero-fill all unallocated spaces
• Use Precompactor.iso
• Shutdown VM
• On host - Compact
• 3 Use VPC Disk Wizard or VS Inspect Disk to
  compact

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Virtual Server Clustering

• Three different options
• Virtual Machine (Guest) Clustering - Shared SCSI
• Cluster VMs on same host
• Virtual Machine (Guest) Clustering - iSCSI
• Cluster VMs on different hosts
• Virtual Server Host Clustering
• Cluster VS on different hosts