1C1 Living things

1
1C1Living things

• OB41 identify the basic processes and
  characteristics common to all living organisms
  nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth,
  reproduction, movement and response
• OB42 recall that living things are composed of
  cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
  understand that growth results from cell division

2
OB41 identify the basic processes and
characteristics common to all living organisms
nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth,
reproduction, movement and response

• Every single living organism carries out the
  same basic processes different organisms just
  carry them out in different ways.

3

• OB41 identify the basic processes and
  characteristics common to all living organisms

nutrition
respiration
excretion
growth
reproduction
movement
4
OB41 basic processes nutrition

• Nutrition means obtaining food
• All living organisms need food as a source of
  energy
• Plants can make their own food using energy from
  the sun (photosynthesis)
• Animals need to find an external source of food

5
OB41 basic processes respiration

• Respiration means
• releasing energy from food
• Glucose in the food is broken down inside cells,
  and energy is released
• Most organisms use oxygen for this process so
  it is called aerobic respiration

cell
6
OB41 basic processes excretion

• Excretion
• means the removal of toxic chemical substances
• toxic substances are poisonous and
• may harm cells if not removed
• examples of toxic substances are
• carbon dioxide and urea

NH3
7
OB41 basic processes growth

• Growth means
• the organism develops into an adult
• For micro-organisms, this means their cell grows
  to full size before reproducing
• For multi-celled organisms, this means that cells
  divide, organs grow in size, and systems develop
  maturity

8
OB41 basic processes reproduction
Scientists have a name for the children of all
living organisms they say OFFSPRING

• Reproduction means
• producing more organisms of the species
• Some organisms reproduce from one parent only
  this is called ASEXUAL reproduction
• Other organisms reproduce by combining one cell
  from a male with one cell from a female this is
  called SEXUAL reproduction

9
OB41 basic processes movement

• Movement means
• the ability of an organism to change position
• Some organisms can move the entire body
• eg single-celled organisms
• Some organisms can move part of the body
• eg plants
• Some organisms can move boththeir entire body,
  and each section of the body eg insects,
  amphibians, reptiles, mammals
• Most organisms move towards things they need and
  away from things that harm them

10
OB41 basic processes response

• Response means the ability of an organism to
  gather information and respond to it
• Some of the things that cause living organisms to
  respond are light, sound, touch, chemicals,
  gravityeg
• Roots grow downwards in response to gravity,
  shoots grow towards light
• Both plants and animals use their sense of touch
  when climbing
• Predators use sound and smell to hunt for prey

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OB42 recall that living things are composed of
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
understand that growth results from cell division

• Cells
• Some living things are composed of just a single
  cell eg bacteria
• Some living things are composed of a small number
  of simple and similar cells eg fungi
• Some living things are composed of very many
  cells, with many different structures and
  functions eg humans

12
OB42 recall that living things are composed of
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
understand that growth results from cell division

• Tissues
• Cells that have the same structure and function
  form tissues
• Cells in tissues are usually joined together
• Animal tissues include muscle, bone and nerves
  for movement
• Plant tissues include xylem and phloem for
  transport

13
OB42 recall that living things are composed of
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
understand that growth results from cell division

• Organs
• Tissues can be organised into groups to form
  organs, each organs with a particular function
• Plant organs include the ROOT for absorbing
  water, LEAF for photosynthesis
• Animal organs include the HEART for pumping
  blood, LUNGS for gas exchange

14
OB42 recall that living things are composed of
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
understand that growth results from cell division

• Systems
• organs, tissues and cells can be organised into
  systems that carry out major functions in the
  organism eg
• Reproductive system, Nervous system, Digestive
  System, Circulatory system

15
OB42 recall that living things are composed of
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
understand that growth results from cell division

• If living organisms are composed of cells, what
  do they need in order to grow bigger?

MORE CELLS !!
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OB42 recall that living things are composed of
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
understand that growth results from cell division
click to see a real cell dividing

• Cell division takes place in 3 stages
• A copy of the nucleus is made
• The cell membrane grows inwards to divide the
  cytoplasm
• The two new cells then separate
• the new cells then grow to full size

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What do you think?

• Most animals move about while most plants tend to
  stay put why?
• Can you suggest one advantage and one
  disadvantage of being single-celled?
• Animals have highly developed nervous systems
  compared to plants why?
• A lot of plants have to use the help or wind or
  insects for reproduction why?

18
1C1Living things

• OB41 identify the basic processes and
  characteristics common to all living organisms
  nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth,
  reproduction, movement and response
• OB42 recall that living things are composed of
  cells, tissues, organs and systems, and
  understand that growth results from cell division