Laboratory Studies on the Dental Effects of Soft Drinks and Other Beverages

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Laboratory Studies on the Dental Effects of Soft
Drinks and Other Beverages

• Sarah Story
• Undergraduate in Pre-Dentistry
• Biology Department
• Tennessee Technological University
• Cookeville, TN 38505
• Date March 1, 2006

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Project Summary

• Problem Which beverage has the most erosive
  effect on dental enamel?

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The drinks I will be using
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Introduction

• A high percentage of people consume soft drinks
  that contain sugar or artificial sweeteners,
  flavorings, and various additives. The popularity
  of sports (energy) drinks is growing and this
  study compares enamel dissolution in these and a
  variety of other beverages. Enamel from extracted
  specimens were selected, weighed and immersed in
  the selected beverages for a total of 7 days.
  The specimens were weighed at specific intervals
  throughout the immersion period with the
  solutions being changed daily.
• Enamel dissolution occurred in all of the tested
  beverages, with far greater attack occurring in
  flavored and energy (sports) drinks than
  previously noted for water and cola drinks.
  Non-cola drinks, commercial lemonades, and energy
  sports drinks showed the most aggressive
  dissolution effect on the dental enamel. Reduced
  residence times of beverages in the mouth by
  salivary clearance or rinsing would appear to be
  beneficial. (Von Fraunhofer, 2005)

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Keywords

• Dental Erosion
• Dental Enamel
• Dental Health
• Soft Drinks
• Sports Drinks
• Energy Drinks
• Non-Cola Drinks.

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Continued

• Objective The objective of my study is to
  determine which beverage has the most erosive
  effect on dental enamel.
• Hypothesis In meeting my objective, I will test
  my hypothesis that non-cola and energy drinks
  will have the most erosive effect on dental
  enamel.
• Null Hypothesis In meeting my objective, I will
  test the hypothesis that the erosion on the
  enamel will be the same for all beverages tested.

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Methods and Materials

• The test teeth are sound (caries free) human
  molars and premolars that had been extracted for
  orthodontic or periodontal reasons. After
  sterilization in an autoclave each specimen will
  be dried and weighed to 0.01 mg. All studies
  will be preformed at room temperature.
• The test beverages and test specimens will be
  placed in plastic containers with 5 mL of the
  test beverage. The specimens will be allowed to
  soak in the test beverage for 60 minutes each and
  then allowed to dry until for 24 hours and then
  weighed. This process will be preformed over 24
  hour intervals for a 7 day (168 hour) period.
  The beverages for each specimen will be replaced
  daily with fresh solution after each weighing.
  Mean percentage weight losses and weight losses
  per unit area will be calculated for each set if
  enamel specimens.

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Data Form

• For a Two Week Period

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Expected Benefits and Results

• For this experiment, I expect that all the
  beverages will have a significant impact on
  dental erosion. I believe that the non-cola and
  sports drinks will have the greatest effect on
  enamel in the tested specimens.
• One of the benefits that this research offers is
  to increase public awareness on the effects of
  certain beverages in regard to dental erosion.
  With this information people may take their
  dental health into better consideration.

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Project Timeline

• Over the course of the semester

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Literature Cited

• Al-Dlaigan, Y.H., L. Shaw, and A. Smith. 2001.
  Dental Erosion in a group of British 14-year-old
  school children Part II Influence of Dietary
  Intake. British Dental Journal. 190 258-261. No.
  5.
• Dawes, Colin. December 2003. What Is the Critical
  pH and Why Does a Tooth Dissolve in Acid. Journal
  of the Canadian Dental Association 69 722-724
  No.11.
• Edwards, M., S.L. Creanor, R.H. Foye, W.H.
  Gilmour. 1999. Buffering capacities of soft
  drinks the potential influence of dental
  erosion. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 26
  923-927.
• Grenby, T.H., A. Phillips, T. Desai, and M.
  Mistry. 1989. Laboratory studies of the dental
  properties of soft drinks. British Journal of
  Nutrition 62 451-464
• Mathew, Tanya, Paul S. Casamassimo, and John R.
  Hayes. 2002. Relationship between Sports Drinks
  and Dental Erosion in 304 University Athletes in
  Columbis, Ohio, USA. Caries Research 36 281-287.
• Oginni, Adeleke O., Elugwaraonu A. Agbakwuru, and
  Dennis A. Ndububa. 2005. The Prevalence of dental
  erosion in Nigerian patients with
  gastro-esophageal reflux disease. BMC Oral Health
  5 1.
• Shipley, Samantha, Kelly Taylor, and William
  Mitchell. 2004. Identifying causes of dental
  erosion. General Dentistry January/February
  73-75.
• Sirimaharaj, V., L. Brearley Messer, and M.V.
  Morgan. 2002. Acidic diet and dental erosion
  among athletes. Australian Dental Journal 47(3)
  228-236.
• Von Fraunhofer, Anthony J., Matthew M. Rogers.
  2005. Effects of sports drinks and other
  beverages on dental enamel. General Dentistry
  January/February 28-31.
• Von Fraunhofer, Anthony J., Matthew M. Rogers.
  2004. Dissolution of dental enamel in soft
  drinks. General Dentistry July/August 308-312.
• Yip, Kevin H-K., Roger J. Smales, and John. A.
  Kaidonis. 2003. The diagnosis and control of
  extrinsic acid erosion of tooth substance.
  General Dentistry July/August 350-353.

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Proposed Budget for One Year

• Category Salaries Wages
• 
  First Year Second Year
• Professional 60,000
  60,000
• Technician.. 35,000
  35,000
• Secretarial... 25,000
  25,000
• Graduate Student(2 9,600
  9,600
• Student Hourly... 8
  8
• Subtotal.. 139,200
  139,200
• Benefits.. 10,000
  10,000
• Travel 500
  500
• Non-Expendables. 1,000
  1,000
• Expendables... 1,000
  1,000
• Computer... 1,000
  1,000
• Supplies Expenses.. 2,000
  2,000
• Copying Telephone.... 500
  500
• Tuition Fees... 200
  200
• Subtotal. 16,200
  16,200
• Total Direct Costs 139,200
  139,200
• Indirect Costs... 16,200
  16,200