Basic Parts of the Plant

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Basic Parts of the Plant

• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flower

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Roots

• 1. Anchor Plant
• 2. Absorb water and minerals
• 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem
• 4. Store Food

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Stems

• 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the
  leaves
• 2. Support the leaves and display them to light
• 3. Store Food

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Leaves

• 1. Make food through photosynthesis
• 2. Provide site of gas exchange
• 3. Store food

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Flowers

• 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual
  production
• 2. Produce seeds and fruit

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Different type of Roots

• A. Tap Root
• Continuation of the primary root
• Ideal for anchorage
• Penetration is greater for water
• Storage area for food made by photosynthesis

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Different type of Roots

• B. Fibrous Roots
• Many finely branched secondary roots
• Shallow roots cover a large area
• More effective absorption of water and minerals
• Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

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Different type of Roots

• C. Aerial roots
• Clinging air roots
• Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems
• Roots that fasten the plant to a support
• Absorptive air roots

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Different type of Roots

• Adventitious Roots
• Develop in places other than nodes
• Can form on cuttings and rhizomes

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Roots

• Root hairs
• Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the
  epidermal cells located near the tips of the
  roots where vascular tissues have formed.
• Increase surface area
• Absorb water and minerals from soil

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Specialized Stems

• A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus)
• underground
• Solid, fleshy, scale covered

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Specialized Stems

• B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
• Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other
• Underground stem

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Specialized Stems

• C. Tuber (potato, caladium)
• Food storage area
• Short, thick underground stem

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Specialized Stems

• D. Crown (African Violets, fern)
• Closely grouped stems or plantlets
• Just above ground or just below

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Specialized Stems

• E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)
• Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for
  increased production of fruits

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Specialized Stems

• F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)
• Underground stems that produce roots on the lower
  surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above
  the ground

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Specialized Stems

• G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)
• Stem that grows horizontally above the soil
  surface

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Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Epidermis
• Cuticle
• Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems
• Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants

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Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Epidermis (cont)
• Stomata
• Openings in the epidermis mainly located on
  underside of leaves
• Exchange of gases

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Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Epidermis (cont)
• Guard Cells
• Two cells located on each side of stomata
• Open and closes stomata

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Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Mesophyll layer
• Palisade mesophyll
• Primary site of photosynthesis
• Spongy mesophyll
• Contains air and chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

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Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Veins or vascular bundles
• In spongy mesophyll
• Phloem tissues conduct food from photosynthesis
  to rest of plant
• Xylem tissues conduct water and minerals up to
  cells in leaves and stems

25
Parts of the Flower

• Sepals
• Outer covering of the flower bud
• Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is
  in bud stage

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Parts of the Flower

• Petals
• Brightly colored
• Protects stamen and pistills
• Attracts pollinating insects

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Parts of the Flower

• Stamens
• Male Reproductive part
• Anther-produces pollen
• Filament-supports the anther

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Parts of the Flower

• Pistil
• Female reproductive part
• Ovary
• Enlarged portion at base of pistill
• Produces ovules which develop into seeds
• Stigma
• Holds the pollen grains

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Parts of the Flower

• Style
• Connects the stigma with ovary
• Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

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Complete and Incomplete Flowers

• Complete have all four main parts
• Sepals
• Petals
• Stamens
• Pistils