Vascular Plants

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Vascular Plants
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Standards

• 10. Distinguish between monocots and dicots,
  angiosperms and gymnosperms, and vascular and
  nonvascular plants.
  
• Describing the histology of roots, stems, leaves,
  and flowers
  
• Recognizing chemical and physical adaptations of
  plants
  
• Examples chemicalfoul odor, bitter taste,
  toxicityphysicalspines, needles, broad leaves

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Two types of Vascular Plants

• Angiosperms- These plants are vascular, have
  seeds, and defining characteristic is that it has
  flowers.
  
• Gymnosperms- same as angiosperms, but do not
  flower.
  

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Angiosperms
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Gymnosperms
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Charateristics of monocots

• Petals, stamens, and so on tend to appear in
  multiples of three
  
• They contain a single cotyledon in their embryo,
  they also feature pollen with a single furrow or
  pore
  
• The leaf veins tend to run parallel to the length
  of the leaf
  
• Monocots are also distinguished by the lack of
  secondary growth or wood
  
• The vascular bundles are scattered
• Has a fibrous root system

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Monocot
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Dicots

• Petals, stamens, and so on tend to appear in
  multiples of four or five
  
• They contain a double cotyledon in their embryo,
  they also feature pollen with a single furrow or
  pore
  
• The leaf veins tend to be netlike and not
  parallel
  
• They are also distinguished by the growth of
  secondary or are referred to as wood
  
• The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
• Has a taproot root system

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Dicots
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Monocot vs. Dicot
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Roots

• There are 3 Major internal parts of a root
• The meristem is at the tip and it is an area of
  cell division and growth.
  
• Behind the meristem is the zone of elongation. In
  this area, cells increase in size through food
  and water absorption.
  
• The zone of maturation is directly beneath the
  stem. Here, cells become specific tissues such as
  epidermis, cortex, or vascular tissue.

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Root Structure
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• Epidermis- outermost layer of cells and are
  responsible for absorbing water and minerals.
  
• Cortex cells-involved in moving water from the
  epidermis to the vascular tissue
  
• Vascular tissue is located in the center of the
  root and conducts food and water. This consists
  of phloem and zylem

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Phloem and Xylem

• Phloem and Xylem are not only in roots, they are
  also in stems
  
• Phloem-transports food and it is alive
• Xylem-transports water and it is dead

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Outside Structure of a Leaf

• Blade (lamina) main part of the leaf.
• Vein line dividing, but not completely, the leaf
  into sections.
  
• Midrib line dividing the leaf in two.
• Leafstalk (petiole) part of the leaf that is
  attached to the stem.
  
• Stem part of the plant that carries the leaves.
• Sheath part of the leaf that attaches the
  petiole to the stem.
  
• Stipules small appendage at the base of the
  petiole.

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Structure of a Leaf
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Internal Structure of a Leaf
Leaf Structure
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Flower Structure

• Stamens-male parts of the flower
• Filament- the stalklike portion of a stamen,
  supporting the anther
  
• Anther- the pollen-bearing part of a stamen
• Pistils- female part of the flower
• Stigma-the part of a pistil that receives the
  pollen
  
• Style-a narrow, usually cylindrical extension of
  the pistil which bears the stigma at its apex.
  
• Ovary-the enlarged lower part of the pistil that
  encloses the ovules or young seeds.
  
• Petal-one of the often colored segments of a
  flower
  
• Sepal-separate, green parts that surround and
  protect the flower bud
  
• Receptacle-portion of the stem that bears the
  organs of a single flower or the florets of a
  flower head
  

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Flower Structure
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Quiz Time

• 1-5 Name whether the characteristics are dicot or
  monocot
  
• 1. Petals are in multiples of three
• 2. Leaves are netlike
• 3. They have a taproot.
• 4. They have two cotyledons.
• 5. Vascular bundles are in rings.

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• Label the parts of a flower

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• 15. What is the major difference between
  angiosperms and gymnosperms?
  
• 16. What is the difference in phloem and xylem?

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Plant growth activity

• Lab Activity