Impacts and Effects

1
Impacts and Effects

• Of Industrialization

2
Industrialization

• Was accompanied by social and economic changes
• Cities developed around industries
• Factories needed workers
• Entrepreneurs built factories in cities
• Natural Resources and Waterways
• Farmers began migrating to cities for work

3
Living Conditions

• Poverty Conditions
• Workers lived in tenements
• Situated in dirty over-crowded slums
• Single families often lived in one room
  apartments
• Lacked heat, running water, proper lighting,
  ventilation, or adequate sanitation

4
Living Conditions

• Overcrowding led to crime and sickness
• Cholera spread rapidly
• City services like police, schools, and housing
  were inadequate due to increasing population

5
Rise of the Middle Class

• Middle Class began to compete with the upper
  class for political and economic power
• Factory Owners and Management
• Merchants
• Middle class women did not have to work outside
  the home often hired servants
• Sons went to school Daughters also received
  some type of education

6
Social Darwinism

• Views on poor people
• Did not work hard enough
• Survival of the Fittest
• Economic competition produced more advanced
  societies because it weeded out weak and
  inefficient people

7
Factory Workers

• Belonged to the lowest class
• Used to be self-sufficient farmers
• As factory workers lived in unhealthy urban
  slums worked for low wages
• Fathers, mothers, and children as young as six
  worked in factories six or seven days a week
• Struggled to afford adequate food
• Lacked political power

8
Effects on Emigration

• Machines replaced human labor in many jobs
• Forced to move elsewhere for work
• European jobs were scarce
• 1870 1920
• 25 million Europeans moved to the U.S.
• Some became farmers
• Many moved to cities to find factory work
• Northeast and Midwest

9
Roles for Women

• Factory owners may hire women
• Could pay women lower wages
• Some felt that women were easier to control and
  train than men
• Most would work 12 14 hours in factories
• Then go home to wash clothes, clean the home,
  and take care of children
• Could no longer raise gardens for food or make
  their own clothes must buy with low wages

10
Child Labor

• Some owners liked to employ children
• Little fingers and bodies could easily work
  machines and fit into small places
• Could pay children less money
• Easier to control
• Less likely to complain

11
Child Labor

• Would work more carelessly
• Lose limbs in machines
• Cramped positions would affect their posture
• Factory children would receive no education
• British Parliament, in 1833, would limit the
  amount of hours children could work

12
The Rise of Unions