Ms' Nuttapak P'

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SARS

• Ms. Nuttapak P.
• 431-8706

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Whats SARS

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
• is corona virus as a serious form of pneumonia
  resulting in acute respiratory distress.
• Also most probably causes the common harmful
  sickness, even severe ill will probably die.

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• According to researchers in Hong Kong the SARS
  virus actually come from animals and spread
  rapidly over the world in the end of February in
  2003.

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How SARS spread?

• The virus spreads direct and indirect ways by
  person to person.
• Direct infection
• It spreads through the air, particularly
  with someone who is SARS will definitely infect
  many people around such as, respiratory , the
  skin contact cause contamination of infectious
  droplets and then touching your eyes, nose or
  mouth eg. Sharing of eating.
• Indirect infection
• Contact with any objects containing virus for
  example, a contaminated phone and even lead to
  infection on eyes, nose or mouth.

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Diagnostic of SARS

• 1. Molecular tests (PCR)
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect
  genetic material of the SARS-CoV in various
  specimens eg. Blood, body tissue.
• The primer is a key piece as the genetic material
  detection whether it contain corona virus or not.
• Principally, existing PCR tests are very specific
  but lack sensitivity

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• 2. Antibody tests
• The antibodies produced in response to the SARS
  corona virus infection.
• Two different types of antibodies (IgM and IgG)
  appear and change in level during the course of
  infection.
• They can be undetectable at the early stage of
  infection
• IgG usually remains detectable after resolution
  of the illness.
• Positive show antibody test with a previous
• infection with SAR-CoV.
• Negative no detection of antibody after
• 21 days.

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• ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay)
• a test detecting a mixture of IgM and IgG
  antibodies in the serum of SARS patients yields
  positive results reliably at around day 21 after
  the onset of illness.
• IFA (Immunofluorescence Assay)
• a test detecting IgM antibodies in serum of SARS
  patients yields positive results after about day
  10 of illness.
• This test format is also used to test for IgG.
  This is a reliable test requiring the use of
  fixed SARS virus on an immunofluorescence
  microscope.
• However, this two methods are being developed,
  but are not commercially available yet !

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• 3. Cell culture
• Virus in specimens (such as respiratory
  secretions, blood or stool) from SARS patients
  can also be detected by inoculating cell cultures
  and growing the virus.
• Once isolated, the virus must be identified as
  the SARS virus with further tests. Cell culture
  is a very demanding test, but currently
• (with the exception of animal trials) only means
  to show the existence of a live virus.
• Positive indicate the presence of live CoV in
  the sample test.
• Negative do not exclude SARS.

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Symptoms Work

• To beginning with, sick in fever gt38 C,
• (the incubation period range from 2 to 7 days
  after exposing the virus. However, it can take as
  long as 14 days for symptoms to appear.)
• ?
• Headache, muscle soreness body or an overall
  feeling of discomfort
• ?
• Dry cough and a trouble breathing
• ?
• 4. Death

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• In some cases have reported the incubation
  periods of as many as 14 days, but this is not
  currently considered the norm.
• Some people also experience mild respiratory
  symptoms, which will be acute breathing of lung
  problem.

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Treatment

• Researchers have not yet found any anti-viral
  drugs because antibiotics are not effective
  against viral infections.
• SARS patients having pneumonia will be treated by
  putting on mechanical ventilation to help them
  breathe.
• Therapy has included antivirals as steroids in
  combination with ribavirin and other
  antimicrobials.
• However, ribavirin does not inhibit virus growth
  or cell spread of the new coronavirus.

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Prevention

• Put on masks to reduce the chance of spread of
  infection
• Carefully dispose of materials used to wipe
  respiratory secretions
• Keep hands clean and wash hands properly
• Maintain good indoor ventilation
• Build up good body immunity
• Adhere to good personal hygiene practices

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Conclusion

• SARS is a corona virus as to cause respiratory
  illness, contacting by respiratory and body
  contact that show fever, headache, discomfort
  feeling after 10 days, then developed a dry cough
  to become the lung damage.
• Although the scientists have been finding some
  efficient vaccines to relieve the SARS disease,
  still the vaccines work not well.
• Hopefully, the scientists will be able to
  discover the vaccine which definitely get the
  corona virus extinction.

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The End.