Detectors and Accelerators

1
Detectors and Accelerators

• Marty Peters
• Summer 2006

2
Detectors

• Detectors may be used to visualize, measure, or
  analyze particles and other forms of radiation.
  Properties detected include charge, mass, and
  momentum. They are often based on ionization of
  matter or luminescence.

3
Cloud Chamber

• Gas-filled. Super-saturated vapor
• Droplets form on ions generated by passing
  particle
• 1900 C.T.R. Wilson

• Source www.scienceline.net

4
Bubble Chamber

• Superheated liquid
• Trails of gas bubbles from ionizing particles
• 1952 Donald Glaser

Source Wikipedia
5
Photographic Plates

• Light-sensitive emulsion
• Blackened by radiation
• 1910s Victor Franz Hess cosmic radiation left
  traces on stacks of plates
• Mountains balloons

Source faculty.washington.edu
6
Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)

• Vacuum tube
• Converts light to electrical energy
• Amplifies

Source www.answers.com
7
Cherenkov Detector

• 1934 Cherenkov
• Charged particles pass through transparent medium
  gt speed of light in that medium sonic boom
• Radiating light particles vs non-radiating heavy

Source neutrino.kek.jp
8
Ionization/Geiger-Mueller

• 1908 Hans Geiger
• Inert gas organic vapor
• Cathode (metal walls)
• Anode (wire)
• 100s v 0 amp
• Radiation ionizes gas
• Current pulse

Source www.answers.com
9
Scintillation Counter

• Radiation strikes phosphor
• Absorption reemission
• Tiny visible flashes
• Based on Becquerels phosphorescence

Source www.ipj.gov.pl
10
Calorimeters

• Measure energy

Source particleadventure.org
11
Detector Format

• Fixed Target cone shaped

• Colliding Beams spherical or cone

Source particleadventure.org

12
Sources of Particles and/or Photons Background
Cosmic
Source lyoinfo.in2p3.fr/ manoir/lsm_eng.html
13
Sources of Particles and/or Photons Radioactive
Sources
Source www.kiddofspeed.com
14
Sources of Particles and/or Photons Accelerators
Linear Fixed Target or Collider
Circular
Source particleadventure.org