American History

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American History

• CIVIL RIGHTS ERA
• SECTION 3

By Shalomi, Noorain, Mike, Ambreen, Mohammad,
Grace, Jeff
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Introduction

• This section is about civil rights movement and
  their progress in their fight for equal rights in
  America. Laws were unchanged because prejudice
  and improvement in there economical state did not
  change from, bad to good.
• The fight for change and equality was taking long
  for laws to be passed peacefully with the help of
  whites. Especially unemployment for African
  Americans was much higher then the national
  average.
• As a result of this many African Americans fell
  into a new greater approach in solving there
  problem of racism, prejudice etc. They believed
  in taking action right away with the help of
  Great civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
  Who fought against segregation and racism through
  integration and non-violence and new theories
  like boycotts to protect and achieve fair
  treatment. 

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The Black Muslim

• The Nation of Islam, known as the Back Muslims,
  was originally founded in 1930s, and was led by
  Elijah Muhammad.
• The African Americans not only embraced the
  Islamic Faith but also preached Black Nationalism
  which stated that African Americans should
  completely separate from whites and form their
  own self governing communities their own
  nation. In addition, they also promoted
  self-defense.
• It was not long after (early 1960s) when they
  received national attention due to Malcolm X, a
  popular, talented speaker who was also a
  minister.

Elijah Muhammad
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Black Muslims continued

• However, in 1964, Malcolm X had change of views.
• He started favoring an integrated society rather
  than separatism and therefore he broke of with
  the Black Muslims.
• His public disagreements with the Black Muslims,
  was actually why he was shot and killed later in
  February 1965.

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Black Power

• African American singer Paul Robeson used the
  term Black Power as early as 1957 to describe
  the political potential of blacks, and to assert
  the African American control on their own
  affairs. In 1966, during the civil rights march
  inspired by James Meredith through Mississippi,
  the slogan black power" was adopted by African
  Americans who were associated with the Student
  Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, including its
  chairman, Stokely Carmichael, and his successor,
  H. Rap Brown.
• They took whites out of leadership positions.
• Black power means that leadership, planning, and
  the execution of policy should understandably be
  in the control of blacks. In politics, black
  power came to mean that African Americans should
  rule wherever they compose a majority. They
  changed their view to the idea of
  assimilation-the acceptance of different racial
  or cultural groups into the dominant society and
  preached racial individuality, pride and
  leadership.

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Black Panther Party

• The Black Panther Party (originally called the
  Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was an
  African American civil rights and self-defense
  organization
• Formed in 1966 in Oakland, California by Bobby
  Seale and Huey Newton.
• Establishment was to have self-defense. The party
  were determined to fight against the government
  concerning minority Races in United States.
• Violent party, their concept on how to gain
  equality for minority races were not smart and in
  certain situation that lead them in to lots of
  problem.  Love without structural awareness is
  called sentimental liberalism while structural
  awareness without love is called Black Power

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton.
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The Battle in the North

• Although the bulk of the civil rights work was
  done in the South, problems still existed in the
  North.
• King also moved his demonstrations to the North
  to protest urban poverty.
• African Americans in the North tended to live in
  the inner cities.

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Discontent leads to Riots

• Discontent leads to Riots
• Race riots were common in American cities.
• They were often triggered by the police.
• The best known riots occurred in New York,
  Detroit, and Los Angeles.
• An incredible amount of destruction was generated
  at most of the riots.

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The Kerner Commission

• The Kerner Commission is a commission which had
  responsibility for the ghettos at the feet of
  white society. The commission was given the name
  by the National Advisory Commission on Civil
  Disorders.
• The commission consisted of 11 members to
  investigate the cause of the 1067 riots. The
  Kerner report was said to have said that the
  riots were taking place because of black
  frustration at lack of economic opportunity. Its
  best known for this quote Our nation is moving
  towards two societies, one black, one white-
  separate and unequal

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The Death of Martin Luther King, Jr.

• I have a dream that one day this nation will rise
  up and live out the true meaning of its creed We
  hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
  men are created equal
• Martin Luther king jr. had been well known as the
  civil rights leader. He fought discrimination
  without any intention of using violence. He led
  many peace marches including March on Washington
  for Jobs and Freedoms where he made his famous I
  have a dream speech.
• However, many white Americans did not favor
  Martin Luther kings influence on civil rights.
  He escaped death and went thought the hard
  obstacles in order to bring equality. In the end
  he had succeeded. Sadly, Martin Luther kings
  actions had brought several tension and violence
  by those who opposed him and thus, as the result
  of their hatred the great Martin Luther King was
  assassinated on April 4th of 1968. He was shot
  by a sniper.

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Civil Rights Movement

• After Kings death and Brown decision, Richard
  Nixon who won the presidency in 1968 had plans to
  crush the hard won victories from King. To do
  this Richard he went against the bussing, not
  allowing White and Black be together in a bus.
  Still this only delay the civil rights but later
  on the movement will gain back and influence on
  other minorities.

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Thank You!