Black Hole Production at Collider

1
Black Hole Production at Collider

• Kin-ya Oda (RIKEN)
• based on work with
• Daisuke Ida (Gakushuin)
• Seong Chan Park (Seoul National Univ)
• PRD67 th/0212108 71 (2005) 73 (2006)
• and also
• Nobuchika Okada (KEK)
• PRD66 ph/0111298
• Manuel Drees and Christian Alig (Bonn)
• ph/0610269 to appear in JHEP

2
Outline

• Planck scale can be as low as TeV
• TeV gravity inevitably leads to BH production
• Obtained brane field equations in separable form
  -gt greybody factors
• Obtained Hawking radiation spectra -gt BH time
  evolution
• Summary Outlook

3
Planck scale can be as low as TeV
Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, Dvali 98

• We live in 3-brane in (4n)-dim bulk
• SM fields trapped on the brane
• massless modes of open strings
• Gravitons propagate in bulk
• massless modes of closed strings

(D4n)
'Gauss law' ? MD2n M42 L -n
free! ? exp free
Fundamental gravitational scale can beas low as
MPTeV!
4
Alternative Warped compn
Randall, Sundrum 99
5
Is TeV gravity natural?
Bruce Lee Yoda in STARWARS

• Answer 1 Dont think. Feel.
• Naturalness argument thriveswhen theory is
  desperately untestable.
• Why bothered by metaphysical question when LHC
  starts taking datanext-to-next year?

6
Is TeV gravity natural?

• Answer 2 Yes, its as natural as MP 1018GeV.
• ADD A little hierarchy L106 MP-1 needed. So
  what?
• L is a modulus fixed dynamically.
• Note Compn radius L is a flat direction of
  (perturbative) string vacua and hece totally
  free parameter.
• When lifting up flat direction, its all common
  to have a huge shift.
• RS Generically, string (flux) compactification
  is warped!
• Throat, warped compn on AdS,can now be seen
  everywhere in string theory.
• More radically, take

Hewett, Lillie, Rizzo 05
7
Outline

• Planck scale can be as low as TeV
• TeV gravity inevitably leads to BH production
• Obtained brane field equations in separable form
  -gt greybody factors
• Obtained Hawking radiation spectra -gt BH time
  evolution
• Summary Outlook

8
Geometrical cross section
Cross section rises with energy
9
TeV gravity inevitably leads toBH production

• Classical cross section grows with energy BH
  production dominates over all other interactions
  above TeV.t Hooft
• low energy string picture will be altered by BH
  picture (correspondence principle) Horowitz,
  Polchinski
• The end of short distance physicsGiddings,
  Thomas

Classical production
Eardley, Giddings, Yoshino, Nambu Yoshino Rychkov
10
Correspondence principle
Horowitz, Polchinski 96, 97
Also Correspondence in hard scattering
suppression K.O., Okada 02
String picture
There is no complete description

• Truly QG effects will be observed as a deviation
  from asymptotic behavior (in BH picture).
• It is crucial to predict BH behavioras precisely
  as possible!!

11
Typical BH event at LHC in Schwarzschild
approximation
A clean signal per second!
Simulation with MBH 8 TeV in ATLAS
and in CMS
from Kobayashi DPF/JPS 06
12
BH life in detector

• Balding Phase (negligible?)
• Dynamical production phase
• BH loses its hair.
• Spin Down Phase
• BH loses its mass and angular momentum.
• Schwartzschild Phase
• Angular momentum is small.
• BH loses its mass.
• Planck Phase
• Truly QG, highly unpredictable
• A few quanta would be emitted.

13
What follows from BH production
Giddings, Thomas 01 Dimopoulos, Landsberg 01

• Decay
• Radiates mainly on brane
• decay proportional to (dof)h q l v 4
  72 18 24
• Typically at LHC
• Produced every second (millions per year)
• M up to 10 TeV
• T above .1 TeV
• Tens of multiple emissions
• Life time 10-27sec

14
Outline

• Planck scale can be as low as TeV
• TeV gravity inevitably leads to BH production
• Obtained brane field equations in separable form
  -gt greybody factors
• Obtained Hawking radiation spectra -gt BH time
  evolution
• Summary Outlook

15
BH is produced with large angular momentum
Ida, KO, Park 02
16
Higher dim. Kerr metric(just to show how it
looks)
Mayers, Perry
vanishes on the brane
17
Newman Penrose formalism(just to show how it
looks)
Null tetrads
18
Field equations on brane
Ida, KO, Park
Separation of variables
angular part
radial part
19
Greybody factor determines Hawking radiation and
BH evolution
BH radiates mainly into the brane (SM) fields
via Hawking radiation.
Greybody factors for Brane fields determine the
evolution of BH mass and angular momentum (up to
Planck phase).
20
How to get greybody factor
out
in
purely ingoing
in a time-reversed sense
21
Greybody factor for vector
Ida, KO, Park
22
Outline

• Planck scale can be as low as TeV
• TeV gravity inevitably leads to BH production
• Obtained brane field equations in separable form
  -gt greybody factors
• Obtained Hawking radiation spectra -gt BH time
  evolution
• Summary Outlook

23
Spinor power/angular spectrum
Ida, KO, Park
24
Vector power/angular spectrum
Ida, KO, Park
25
Power spectrum for various dim
Ida, KO, Park
Spinor peaks for high rotation are only for
Randall-Sundrum (D5) BH
26
Substructure spinor/vector
Ida, KO, Park
27
Approx. spinor power, angle dependence
Ida, KO, Park
Similar for vector.
28
Spin-down phase issizable
Ida, KO, Park
70 of total energy is radiated during spin-down
phase
29
What we found
Ida, K.O., Park 02, 05, 06

• Obtained brane field equations essential for
  Hawking radiation
• BH is produced with large angular momentum.
• Spin down phase contributesa lot.
• Quarks, leptons and gauge bosons are emitted
  along the angular momentum axis perpendicular to
  beam axis. polar emissision (except for
  extremely high rotation)
• (Black ring might form)

30
Chromosphere (QG plasma) doesnt form
Alig, Drees, K.O. 06
Simulation based on the heavy ion collision code
30 bins in ? 15 bins in ?
31
Summary Outlook

• Balding phase, still disputed
• Can complete time evolution up to Planck phase.
• Comparison with these predictions will guide the
  way to quantum gravity!

• Planck scale can be as low as TeV.
• TeV gravity inevitably leads to BH production.
• Precise determination of BH event important
• BH is produced with large angular momentum.
• Hawking radiation is highly anisotropic
• 70 energy is emitted during spin down phase.
• (Black ring might form.)
• QCD QG plasma does not form (w/ Alig Drees)