What is ZigBee?

1
What is ZigBee?

• Open standard with an alliance of members (150)
  promoted by Motorola, Mitsubishi, Philips,
  Honeywell . Alliance members participate in
  working groups targeting to define standard
  profiles (like in Bluetooth).
• Radiocrafts is a member of the Alliance
• Specification rev. 1.0 ratified Mid December 2004
• Targeted for home and building automation
  industrial control
• Quarterly Member meetings with open house. Each
  2. month interoperability tests
• www.zigbee.org read all about it.
• www.radiocrafts.com Application Note AN003

2
Networking and interoperability

• Main benefits are mesh ad-hoc self forming
  networks interoperability through defined
  profiles (agreement on a series of messages
  defining an application space)

Star
Mesh
Router (FFD, Mains powered, RX always on
(-CT)) Coordinator (FFD, Mains powered, RX always
on) End Device (RFD, Battery powered)
Cluster Tree
3
Basic Network Characteristics I

• Lots of devices
• Infrequently used
• Small data packets
• Long battery Lifetime
• AddressingEach node unique 64 bit IEEE MAC
  address (same as for Ethernet)Upper 24 bit
  assigned by IEEE (buy UOI) Lower 40 bit serial
  number (unlimited number of devices)

4
Basic Network Characteristics II

• 65,536 network (client) nodes (due to 16 bits PAN
  id)
• Not for streaming 250kbps dataMAC data Frame
  127 Bytes No handling today of fragmentation
  (handling of packets routed differently in
  network, lost or arriving at random times)
• Optimized for timing-critical applications
• Network join time
• 30 ms (typ)
• Sleeping node changing to active 15 ms
  (typ)(Versus 10-30 seconds for BT WLAN)

5
802.15.4 vs ZigBee

• IEEE802.15.4 standard defining PHY and MAC.
• PHY 20kbps (868MHz), 40kbps (915MHz) and 250kbps
  (raw bit rate) 2.4GHz (2.40-2.4835 GHz). DSSS
  (robust against interferers), O-QPSK, 16
  channels, 5MHz spacing, 3MHz Bandwidth
• MAC Synchronizing to beacons, acknowledge and
  retransmissions of data packets, CRC,
  security/encryption.
• Provides the higher layers (ZigBee) with a robust
  radio link

6
802.15.4 vs ZigBee (2)

• ZigBee The stack layers creates the network
  by
• starting a network,enabling multi-hops
• assigning addresses
• making binding tables,
• route packets

7
Profiles

• Today ONE profile is defined
• Lighting profile Light switches, dimmers,
  occupancy sensors
• The following is planned (last meeting in the
  Alliance)
• Industrial plant monitoring
• Non-ducting HVAC
• Building automation
• Expected profiles
• Serial port profile
• Industrial Automation
• AMR (Automatic Meter Reading)

8
Profiles (2)

• There are three level of profiles
• Public Profile (like the lighting profile)
• Published profile
• Private profile (The SPPIO is pending)
• (A Private Profile is aspiring for Published
  whenit is published)
• In order to define a private profile, an unique
  profile ID
• must be issued by the ZigBee Alliance which
  requires
• Alliance Membership (USD 7000)

9
The ZigBee stack

• A few providers of a stack Figure 8 Wireless
  (for Chipcon MAC and Freescale MAC), Airbee,
  Microchip, Millennial net, Ember, Helicomm.
• Several software houses provide a ZB-stack
• Before deciding on stack, find out how
  compliant the provider are
• Today, 64kB stack (FFD) incl. MAC (16kB). RFD
  possibly down to 32kB.
• F8W acquired by Chipcon in January 2005

10
What types of ZigBee solutions are available?

• Is it possible to buy a ZigBee component- no
  development effort?
• YES!! The newly introduced RC2200AT-SPPIO
• OR Develop your own application based on the
  license fee and stack from a provider, develop
  and embed in a modular platform like the
  RC2200/02/04 family

11
What does it cost to develop own ZigBee
application?

• IEEE producer address (24 bits) 1 600 USD
• Access to the F8Ws stack with unlimited
  supportBy bying Chipcon CC2420ZDK Development
  Kit from Chipcon (incl. MAC and Z-Stack license)
  USD 5 000
• Certification vs Compliance Z-logo (and
  profile mark?) CertificationCost TBDUsing
  ZigBee compliant platform w/o logo
  ComplianceCost TBD. Cheaper than Certification.
  By using Alliance IP-platform, compliance should
  be aimed for
• Next two years NTS (US) and TÜV (Worldwide) have
  test monopole

12
Benefits and drawbacks

• ZigBee benefits Mesh networks,
  interoperability, low latency, long battery life,
  high datarate, cost effective
• Drawbacks Large software stack, few available
  profiles limits the easy usage and there will be
  design efforts and cost involved in getting the
  application compiled together with the stack if
  you want to embed your own application.
• Proprietary solutions benefitsAvailable modules
  with simple I/O (like RC family of standard
  modules), no development time (embedded protocol,
  UART interface), low latency, long battery life,
  high datarate (transparent modes), long range.
  Narrowband required in for instance alarm systems
• Drawbacks Star networks only, multi-hop
  solutions (when needed) to be designed by
  repeaters, no defined way of co-operation
  together with other manufacturers

13
Radiocrafts SPPIO module
14
RadiocraftsEmbedded Wireless Solutions

• ZigBeeTM-ready module RC2200
• ZigBee-ready platform for Figure8 Wireless stack
  and Chipcon MAC or other stacks
• Atmel ATmega128L controller and Chipcon CC2420
• In principle, any stack can be used
• Conforms with European, US and Japanese RF
  requirements
• Royalty fee for F8Ws stack is included in the
  module

15
RadiocraftsEmbedded Wireless Solutions

• Available with 64kB and 32kB Flash (for optimized
  code and Reduced Functionality Devices), all same
  size and pin-out, 16.5 x 29.2 x 3.5 mm
• 32 kHz real-time clock RTC, ultra low sleep modes
  , 36 I/O etc.
• 50 Ohm antenna interface, 2.73.6V Supply
  Voltage,Current consumption 30 mA in RX, 27 mA
  in TX
• Contact Radiocrafts AS, Norway, for further
  information
  www.radiocrafts.com
  sales_at_radiocrafts.com
  

16
RadiocraftsEmbedded Wireless Solutions
Modules optionally available with chip-antenna or
MMCX-connector

Measured range with chip antenna 110m outdoor
rural, 30 meter indoor corridor
Demo Kit available, loaded with ZigBee light
switch demo or SPPIO