Network Protocols

1
Chapter 7

• Network Protocols

2
Objectives

• After completing this chapter, you will be able
  to
• Understand networking in Windows XP
• Understand Windows XPs networking protocols
• Configure and use TCP/IP protocols and services
• Access NetWare servers and services from Windows
  XP
• Understand Windows XP Remote Tools

3
Windows XP Network Overview

• Designed to offer easy-to-use networking for home
  users and enterprise-level networked
  organizations
• Able to act as a
• Stand-alone system for Internet dial-up
• Workgroup connection-sharing server
• Client in a domain network

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Windows XP Network Overview, contd.

• Windows XP supports networking through
• Local area network (LAN) connections
• Dial-up Internet connections
• IEEE 802.11 wireless standards
• IPX/SPX through NWLink protocol
• TCP/IP

5
Windows XP Network Components
Valued Gateway Client

• Windows XP includes
• Graphical user interface and Wizards for
  configuration support
• Functions as a network client or as a (limited)
  network server
• Participates in peer-to-peer, client/server, and
  terminal/host environments
• Has everything needed to access the Internet
  protocols and client capabilities, Web browser
  and utilities

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Network Protocols

• Windows XP supports two core network transport
  protocols
• TCP/IP
• Works on almost any scale
• Complicated yet powerful
• The most widely used of all networking protocols
• NWLink
• Works best on networks of medium scope (20
  servers or fewer in a single facility)

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Network Protocols, contd.

• TCP/IP supports multiple routing protocols
• Which support large, complex networks
• TCP/IP incorporates better error detection and
  handling
• Works with more kinds of computers than any other
  protocol suite

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Network Protocols, contd.
9
Network Protocols, contd.

• TCP/IP also supports the following
• Direct Internet access from any TCP/IP-equipped
  computer across any network with routed Internet
  access
• Powerful network management protocols and
  services
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Microsofts Windows Internet Naming Service
  (WINS)
• Domain Name System (DNS), the most common name
  resolution service

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Network Protocols, contd.

• TCP/IP is a demanding and unforgiving
  environment, and should always be approached with
  great care
• Neither extremely fast nor terribly easy to use
• Configuration requires expertise, careful
  planning, and constant maintenance and attention
• A huge mass of information and detail work is
  involved in establishing and maintaining a
  TCP/IP-based network

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Network Protocols, contd.

• NWLink offers some powerful capabilities,
  including
• SPX IISPX II is a enhanced version of SPX
• Auto detection of frame types
• Direct hosting over IPX
• Can increase network performance by as much as 20
  percent

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Network Protocols, contd.

• NWLink Drawbacks include
• On large networks, IPX may not scale well
• Lacks a built-in facility for centralized name
  and address management
• Allows address conflicts to occur
• Novells address Registry is generally ignored
• Poor support from network management tools
• Imposes a greater memory footprint on DOS
  machines
• Runs less efficiently across slow serial
  connections

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Network Protocols, contd.

• Both NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)
  and Data Link Control (DLC) have been greatly
  de-emphasized in Windows XP

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Interprocess Communication

• Defines a way for processes to exchange
  information
• General-purpose it doesnt matter whether such
  communications occur on the same computer or
  between networked computers
• Fall into two categories
• programming interfaces
• file system mechanisms

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Interprocess Communication, contd.
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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• Named pipes support a connection-oriented
  message-passing service for clients and servers
• Reliable method for clients and servers to
  exchange requests, replies, and associated files
• Provide their own methods to ensure reliable data
  transfer

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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• Mailslots are like a connectionless version of
  named pipes
• No delivery guarantees
• No acknowledgement of successful receipt

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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• NetBIOS works with all TDI-compliant transports,
  including
• NWLink (NetBIOS over NWLink)
• TCP/IP (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
• Windows Sockets define a standardized interface
  to network transports
• Created to migrate Berkeley Sockets-compliant
  applications into the Windows environment

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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) can invoke separate
  programs on remote computers
• Permits the distribution of a single processing
  task among multiple computers

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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• RPC consists of four basic components
• A remote stub procedure
• An RPC runtime system
• An application stub procedure
• One or more remote procedures that may be called
  for service

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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• Network Dynamic Data Exchange (NetDDE) creates
  exchange pipes
• Facilitates data sharing, object linking and
  embedding (OLE), and dynamic updates
• NetDDE extends local DDE across the network
• Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)
• Based on the Open Software Foundations DCE-RPC
  specification
• Expanded to include Java and ActiveX support

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Interprocess Communication, contd.

• Windows Network (Wnet) allows Windows XP
  networking via a standard API
• Application does not require specific control
  data about the network provider or implementation
• Win32 Internet API (WinInet) enables applications
  to exploit Internet functionality with minimal
  proprietary programming
• Applications can include FTP, Web, and Gopher
  support with minimal additional coding

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Redirectors

• Redirector determines whether resource requests
  are local or remote, then redirector transmits
  remote requests across the network
• The following components are redirectors
• Workstation service
• Server service
• Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider
  (MUP)
• Multi-Provider Router (MPR)

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Redirectors, contd.

• Workstation service supports client access to
  network resources
• Handles functions such as logging in, connecting
  to network shares, and creating links using IPC
• communicates with transport protocols through the
  common TDI boundary layer

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Redirectors, contd.

• Server service handles creation and management of
  shared resources
• Performs security checks against requests for
  such resources
• Operates as a file system driver

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Redirectors, contd.

• Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider
  (MUP) defines a link between applications that
  make Universal Naming Convention (UNC) requests
  for different redirectors
• Allows applications to remain oblivious to the
  number or type of redirectors in use
• Universal Naming Convention (UNC) names represent
  the format used in NetBIOS-oriented name
  resolution systems

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Redirectors, contd.

• Multi-Provider Router (MPR) designates the proper
  redirector to handle a resource request
• Lets applications written to older Microsoft
  specifications behave as if they were written to
  conform to UNC naming

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Networking Under Windows XP

• Windows XP networking is controlled by a single
  interface that combines networking access for
  LAN, Internet, and modem
• Called Network Connections
• Accessed through the Control Panel
• A Connect To submenu is added to the Start menu
  if you create dial-up or VPN connections
• Access the Network Connections tool by selecting
  Show all connections

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Networking Under Windows XP, contd.

• Local Area Connections are configured by opening
  the Properties for that object
• Use the Configure button to access the
  Properties dialog box for the adapter

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Networking Under Windows XP, contd.
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Networking Under Windows XP, contd.

• To change TCP/IP settings, select the protocol
  from the list of components in the Properties
  window of a Local Area Connection, then click
  Properties
• Enable DHCP for this computer
• Define a static IP address, subnet mask, and
  gateway
• Define the preferred and alternate DNS servers

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Networking Under Windows XP, contd.
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Networking Under Windows XP, contd.

• Adding new network interfaces to is handled the
  same way as installing other hardware
• Physically install it and allow Windows XP to
  detect it and install drivers, OR
• Use the Add Hardware applet to perform the drive
  installation manually
• Once a new NIC is installed Windows XP
  automatically creates a new Local Area Connection
  that you can customize

34
Network Bridge

• Network bridge creates a layer 2 bridge between
  two or more network interfaces
• Effectively connecting multiple network segments
• XP supports only a single bridge per system
• Once created, a bridge appears as a connection
  object named Network Bridge within the Network
  Connections utility

35
Networking Wizard

• Network Setup Wizard configures non-domain
  networks for small or home offices
• Allows easy configuration of
• Friendly computer names, such as Study Computer
  or Den System
• Your Internet connection, be it dial-up or
  dedicated
• Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
• Internet Connection Firewall (ICF)
• Configure TCP/IP for networking

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Managing Bindings

• Binding refers to the order in which Windows XP
  networking components are linked
• Affect how the systems behave and perform
• Defined in the Advanced Settings dialog box
• By default, Windows XP binds any two components
  that share a common boundary layer, unless
  explicitly removed
• Binds all components that share a common boundary
  to the boundary layer they share COMPLETE BINDING

37
Managing Bindings, contd.
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Managing Bindings, contd.

• Disabling all protocol bindings that are not
  needed or used
• Improves system performance
• Decreases the likelihood of communication errors
• Binding priority affects network performance
• XP makes connections in the order in which
  protocols are bound
• The Provider Order tab is used to alter the
  binding priority of various providers

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TCP/IP Architecture

• TCP/IP supports cross-platform communications and
  provides the foundation for the Internet
• TCP/IP is a suite of protocols
• The Internet Protocol (IP) provides source and
  destination addressing and routing
• IP is a connectionless datagram protocol that is
  fast but unreliable
• Other protocols will provide reliable delivery
• IP addresses must be unique on any IP-based
  network

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TCP/IP Architecture, contd.

• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used
  to send control messages between IP hosts
• The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) resolves a
  logical (IP) address to a physical (MAC) address
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is
  used to automatically configure IP addresses
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides
  reliable delivery of IP datagrams

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TCP/IP Architecture, contd.

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) unreliable delivery
  of IP datagrams
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides file
  transfer services
• Telnet is a terminal emulation protocol that
  provides connectivity between dissimilar systems
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to
  provide IP-based messaging services

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TCP/IP Configuration

• Configuration is performed through the Network
  Connections interface
• You will configure
• A unique IP address for the computer
• The subnet mask for the network to which the
  computer belongs
• The address of the default gateway
• The address of one or more DNS servers
• The address for a WINS server

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TCP/IP Configuration, contd.
44
TCP/IP Configuration, contd.
45
TCP/IP Configuration, contd.
46
IPv6 Looking To The Future

• TCP/IP uses a 32-bit address space
• Nobody conceived that there could ever be an
  address shortage
• IPv6 corrects the address shortage and improves
  other aspects of TCP/IP
• Security and efficiency
• Microsoft includes preliminary support for IPv6
  in Windows XP
• socket extensions
• updated RPC systems for 128-bit addresses

47
Windows XP Remote Tools

• Microsoft has improved remote access to client
  systems through
• Remote Assistance
• Remote Desktop
• Remote assistance allows a remote user to take
  control of a local users desktop
• Enabled by sending an invitation script
• Invitations have an expiration time limit and can
  have a password

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Windows XP Remote Tools, contd.

• Remote Desktop allows workers to access their
  work desktops (host client) from their home
  systems (remote system)
• You have the same access to files and
  applications as when sitting at the system
• Enabled through a component of IIS, Remote
  Desktop Web Connection

49
Windows XP and Netware Networks

• Microsoft supports interconnectivity between
  Windows XP and NetWare servers via
• NWLink
• Client Service for NetWare
• Windows XP also supports the bindery and NetWare
  Directory Services

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Netware Compatibility Components

• NWLink is Microsofts implementation of the
  IPX/SPX protocol suite
• Communicates with all NetWare implementations
• Installed through a connection object within
  Network Connections
• Has three configuration options available
• Internal Network Number
• Ethernet frame types
• IPX Network numbers
• Let Windows XP detect the frame type in use

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Netware Compatibility Components, contd.

• The Client Service for NetWare (CSNW) supports
  full access to NetWare file and print servers,
  NetWare utilities, bindery connections, and some
  NDS connections
• Includes support for both bindery and NDS servers

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Netware Compatibility Components, contd.
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Connecting to Netware Resources

• Connecting to NetWare resources works the same
  way as with other resources
• Most often, through My Network Places
• When choosing between Windows Client for NetWare
  Networks or Novell equivalent, consider
• The number of NetWare servers vs the number of
  Windows servers
• The need for NDS or Active Directory
• Ease of installation

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Connecting to Netware Resources, contd.
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Summary

• Windows XP provides network access by using
  TCP/IP
• An industry-standard protocol
• Provides easy cross-platform communication
• XP includes several applications that utilize
  TCP/IP
• Configuring XP to employ it is not difficult
• XP includes several new networking features and
  utilities
• network bridging, Remote Assistance, Remote
  Desktop, wireless networking, IPv6

56
Summary, contd.

• Windows XP includes the NWLink protocol and
  Client Service for NetWare
• supports bindery-based NetWare servers as well as
  NDS based NetWare servers
• When choosing NetWare client software, pick the
  client that fits the most servers in use, or
  provides native support for the most important
  services