S S GOSSS

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???????S? ??S G?OSS?S
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???????S? ??S G?OSS?S
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??sa????

• ?p?peda a????s?? st?? ?ata???s? t?? p??t?se??.
• - ?????s? t?? s??ta?t???? d?µ?? t?? p??tas??.
• - ?????s? t?? s?µas?a? t?? p??tas??.
• S??s? s??ta?t???? ?a? s?µas????????? a????s??.

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G?aµµat??? ? s??ta??

• ?? p??t?se?? e??a? s?st?µat???? ?a? ???a??µ??e?
  µe d??f????? t??p???.
• ?e????af? t?? ?a??????t?ta? ?a? pa?a??????t?ta?
  t?? ???ssa?(Chomcky).
• Ge???e?s? t?? ep?t?ept?? p??t?se?? ?a? ap??????
  t?? µ? ep?t?ept?? ap? t? ??aµµat???.

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?e???????a ???e??(parsing)

• ?µf?s?µe? p??t?se?? se ?e???? ep?ped?.
• They are flying planes.
• They are cooking apples.
• ?µf?s?µe? p??t?se?? se t?p??? ep?ped?.
• ?st?as? t?? e?e???? st?? aµf?s?µe? p??t?se??.

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• Se???a??? ?a? pa??????e? ?e???e? epe?e??as?a? t??
  p??t?se??.
• ??aµ??f?s? ?a? a????ep?d?as?.
• ??d???? a?t?? t?? e?d??? t?? ?e???a?.

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???t??? garden-path

• ???? µ?a s??ta?t??? d?µ? ?aµß??eta? a????? ?p???
  ??a ???e p??tas?.
• ? s?µas?a de? pe???aµß??eta? st?? ep????? t??
  a?????? s??ta?t???? d?µ??.
• ? ap???ste?? s??ta?t??? d?µ? ep????eta?,
  ???s?µ?p????ta? d?? ?e????? a???? ? e????st?
  e???t?s? ?a? ? te???? p??sa?µ???.

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• S?µf??a µe t?? a??? t?? e????st?? e???t?s??, ?
  ??aµµat??? d?µ? p?? pa???e? t??? ????te????
  s??d?asµ??? e??a? p??t?µ?t?a.
• St?? a??? t?? te????? p??sa?µ???? ?? ???e?? p??
  s??a?t????ta? st?? p??tas? p??sa?µ????ta? st??
  p??sfate? f??se?? ? p??t?se?? e?? a?t? e??a?
  ??aµµat??? ep?t?ept?.

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• ? a??? t?? e????st?? e???t?s??
• The girl knew the answer by heart.
• The girl knew the answer was wrong.
• ? a??? t?? te????? p??sa?µ????
• Since Jay always jogs a mile seems like a
  short distance.
• Since Jay always jogs a mile this seems like a
  short distance to him.

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• ?ata??af? ?????? a?????s??.
• The burglar blew open the safe with the dynamite
  and made off with the loot.
• The burglar blew open the safe with the new lock
  and made off with the loot.
• ?a???s?as? s?µf?a??µe??? p??tas??.
• ?pe?e??as?a p??t?se??.
• The spy shot the daughter of the colonel
• who was standing on the balcony.

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??t?µ?s?

• ???s??se?? ??se?? t?? µ??t????.
• ?p?te?esµat???t?ta t?? a???? t?? e????st??
  e???t?s?? ?a? t?? te????? p??sa?µ????.
• ? ????? t?? s?µas?a? st? ??aµµat??? d?µ? µ?a?
  p??tas??.
• ????? pa?????te? ep?????? t?? ??aµµat???? d?µ??

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? ?e???a t?? pe?????sµ??(Constraint-based theory)

• ?a?a?t???st??? t?? ???ssa? ??a t? ??s? t??
  aµf?s?µ?? p??t?se??
• ? ??aµµat??? ???s? pe??????e? p??a???
  a????ep?d??se?? t?? p??t?se??.
• ?? d??f???? t?p?? t?? p????f???a? p?? s??d???ta?
  µe ?p??ad?p?te d??e?sa ???? de? e?a?t??ta? t?p???
  ? ??a? t?? ?????

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• 3. ??a ???? µp??e? ?a e??a? ????te?? aµf?s?µ?
  se ??p??e? pe??pt?se?? ap? ??p??e? ???e?.
• 4. ?? d??f??e? ep?t?ept?? a????ep?d??se??
  s?µf??a µe t??? ??aµµat????? ?a???e? ?e????
  d?af????? s?µa?t??? st? s????t?ta ?a? t??
  p??a??t?ta p??? st? ß?s? t?? p??????µe???
  eµpe???a?.
• 
  

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• ?a?ade??µata ??a t? ?e???a t?? pe?????sµ??
  (Pickering Traxler, 1998).
• As the woman edited/ the magazine/ amused all the
  reporters.
• As the woman sailed/ the magazine/ amused all the
  reporters.
• Ta s?µf?a??µe?a ep??e????? t?? a????? te???????a
  t?? ???e??.

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??t?µ?s?

• ?pa??? d?af???? ßa?µ?? st?????? ??a d?af??et????
  s??ta?t???? a????ep?d??se?? t?? p??tas??.
• ?????? ap? t?? ?ept?µ??e?e? t?? s??ta?t????
  epe?e??as?a? de? e??a? s???e???µ??e? ap? t???
  MacDonald et al.(1994).
• ?e? ?p???e? ?µes? ?????????? st????? ??a t??
  ?pa??? pa???????? a?apa?ast?se??.

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??a?µat?????a(Pragmatics)

• ??af??et???? pe?????sµ?? t?? p??tas?? (Harley
  1995).
• F?ast???? pe?????sµ?? ??????e?t??? s?µas?a t??
  p??t?se??.
• ?? f?ast???? pe?????sµ?? p???et??? s?µas?a t??
  ?µ???t?.
• ?pe????µat???? pe?????sµ?? e?e???t??? ap?t??esµa
  t?? p??tas?? st?? a???at?.

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• ???t??? d?? stad??? ? ??????e?t??? s?µas?a
  d?µe?ta? p??? ap? t?? p???et??? s?µas?a (Clark
  Lucy, 1975).
• Ta e?µa? p??? e??a??st?µ???? e?? ft???e?? t??
  ????? µp?e.
• Ta e?µa? p??? ??p?µ???? e?t?? e?? ft???e?? t??
  ????? µp?e.

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• ?? p???et???? s?µas?e? s??µat????ta? t?s? ??????a
  ?s? ?? ??????e?t???? s?µas?e? (Taylor Taylor,
  1990).
• ???pe? ?a a????e?? t? pa??????
• ???pt??? t?? p???et???? s?µas?a? ?????
  epe?e??as?a t?? ??????e?t???? (Gibbs, 1983).
• ?e µp??e?? ?a e?sa? f??????
• S?? e??a? ad??at? ?a e?sa? f??????
• ?e???? µ???? t?? ???ssa? e??a? µetaf?????(Cacciari
  Glucksberg, 1994).
• ? d???e?? µ?? e??a? µ?a f??a??.

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S?µpe??sµata

• ???e µ??t??? ??e? t?? a??a t?? (Crocker, 1999).
• ????? µ??t??a e??a? e? µ??e? s???e???µ??a ?a?
  efa?µ?sµ??a.
• ?a se???a?? µ??t??a ????? s?????a
  p?e??e?t?µata se s??s? µe ta pa??????a.
• - ???a? e??????????? p?? ap??.
• - ???a? ?p?????st??? p?? ap??.
• - ?????? ?s????? p??ß???e??.

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?s?te???? ?µ???a(inner speech)

• S?µas?a es?te????? ?µ???a? se e?????e? ?a?
  pa?d??.
• ?e??t? t?? ????? t?? es?te????? ?µ???a? st??
  a?????s?.
• - ??e?t??µ????af???? (EMG) ?ata??af??.
• - ?p?s??p?s? t?? ?????s??.
• ?e??t? p??t?se?? µe s??ta?t??? ? s?µas????????
  a??µa??a.

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?e?t?????e? t?? es?te????? ?µ???a?

• S?????s? ta??t?ta? s??p???? a?????s?? ?a?
  ta??t?ta? ?µ???a? (Perfetti McCutchen, 1982).
• ?e?t?????e? t?? es?te????? ?µ???a? st?? a?????s?.
• ?e??t? as?e???? µe e???p? es?te???? ?µ???a.
• ???s?d?a?? d?µ? ?????