Simple Magnification

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LIGHT OPTICS
Simple Magnification A magnifying glass is a
bi-convex lens. It is convex on both sides,
meaning that the glass is curved outward to form
a dome. Things look bigger looking through convex
lenses. Below, you can see how a magnifying glass
works to project an enlarged image on the retina
of the eye. Angles of Reflection When light
strikes a mirror it bounces off. This is called
reflection of light. When you see the image of
your face in a mirror, you are seeing the
reflection of light from your face. Light
reflects from a mirror at the same angle as it
arrives. Below you can see waves of light
reflecting off a mirror. You can think of light
as being a kind of wave, similar to the waves in
the ocean. The distance between the top of one
wave and the top of the next wave is called a
wavelength. Different colors have different size
wavelengths. Violet has the shortest wavelength.
Red has the longest wavelength. Wavelengths of
colors are measured in nanometers, or billionths
of a meter. Multiple Images If you place an
object between two hinged mirrors, light from the
object bounces back and forth between the mirrors
before it reaches your eyes. An image is formed
in the mirrors each time the light bounces,
forming multiple images.
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• Newton's Prism Experiments
• In 1665, Isaac Newton was a young scientist
  studying at Cambridge University in England. He
  was very interested in learning all about light
  and colors. One bright sunny day, Newton darkened
  his room and made a hole in his window shutter,
  allowing just one beam of sunlight to enter the
  room. He then took a glass prism and placed it in
  the sunbeam. The result was a spectacular
  multicolored band of light just like a rainbow.
  The multicolored band of light is called a color
  spectrum.
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  Refraction of Light
• Light bends when it moves at an angle from one
  transparent substance, such as air, to another
  substance, such as water. This bending of light
  is called refraction. We call the substances that
  light can move through mediums. Water, glass, and
  air are mediums. Light refracts at different
  angles depending on the density of the medium.
  Light refracts more when moving through glass
  than when moving through water. This is true
  because glass is denser than water. Below you can
  explore how a light wave refracts as it moves
  from a vacuum to different mediums.

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• Primary Colors
• The human eye is sensitive to a narrow band of
  electromagnetic radiation that lies in the
  wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers,
  commonly known as the visible light spectrum.
  This small span of electromagnetic radiation is
  the sole source of color. All of the wavelengths
  present in visible light form colorless white
  light when they are combined, but can be
  refracted and dispersed into their individual
  colors by means of a prism.
• The colors red, green, and blue are classically
  considered the primary colors because they are
  fundamental to human vision. All other colors of
  the visible light spectrum can be produced by
  properly adding different combinations of these
  three colors. Moreover, adding equal amounts of
  red, green, and blue light produces white light
  and, therefore, these colors are also often
  described as the primary additive colors.

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As illustrated by means of the overlapping color
circles in Figure 1, if equal portions of green
and blue light are added together, the resultant
color is cyan. Similarly, equal portions of green
and red light produce the color yellow, and equal
portions of red and blue light yield the color
magenta. The colors cyan, magenta, and yellow are
commonly termed the complementary colors because
each complements one of the primary colors,
meaning that the two colors can combine to create
white light. For instance, yellow (red plus
green) is the complement of blue because when the
two colors are added together white light is
produced. In the same way cyan (green plus blue)
is the complement of red, and magenta (red plus
blue) is the complement of green light.
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Color

• People see color through ambient light
• It has various wavelengths which stimulate
  sensitive structures in our eyes and sends
  complex messages to our brain.
• Color has properties
• Hue, value, and intensity

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Hue pure color
Tint is any color That has white added To it
Shade is any color That has black added To it.
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The color wheel
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Primary color
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Secondary color
Secondary colors lie between the primary colors
on the color wheel. These colors result from two
primary colors being mixed together. ??yellow red
orange?yellow blue green?red blue violet
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Tertiary color
Intermediate colors--also called Tertiary
colors--result from one primary color and one
secondary color being mixed together.??The six
intermediate colors are blue-violet red-violet
red-orange yellow-orange yellow-green and
blue-green.??Neutrals--black, white, gray, and
every variation in between--are not part of the
color wheel.
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Complementary color
Colors that lie opposite each other on the wheel
are complementary. The complementary color for
yellow, for example, is violet. For orange, it's
blue. Pairing a color with its complementary
color will make both colors more vibrant.
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Analogous color
Colors that lie beside each other on the color
wheel are analogous. They can be mixed without
clashing because they share a common color or hue.
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• The Shadowbox Theatre
• When the sun shines, shadows can be seen on the
  ground or on a wall, creating an outline of any
  object blocking the light. Shadows are so common
  that you probably do not pay much attention to
  them. However, there is much to discover if you
  observe shadows and experiment with making your
  own. A fun way to learn about shadows is by using
  a shadowbox theatre and shadow puppets.