Plurion

1
Plurion

• Vision To be the dominant player in the multi
  billion dollar market for high capacity
  electricity storage

2
The storage market has arrived

• Renewable Energy
• Matches supply to demand
• Relieves transmission instability
• Arbitrage
• Low cost off peak generation stored and sold at
  peak pricing
• System Operation
• Peak lopping
• Reduced spinning reserve
• Removes transmission bottlenecks
• The value of storage increases rapidly with
  increasing energy price.

Renewable Energy is often out of sync with demand

• Grid instability has forced Japan to require new
  wind farms to have storage
• Important US and EU markets are likely to follow
  with Mandated Storage
• AEP has placed an order for a 1GW (1Billion)
  NaS battery
• The current market for utility scale storage is
  1-2Billion/year and this is expected to grow to
  10-20Billion by 2020

3
Storage technologies

• Flow batteries are now acknowledged to cover the
  sweet spot highest storage capacity for 20kW
  10MW applications

4
Flow Batteries

• Established high capacity battery technology
• Energy stored in liquid electrolytes (tanks)
• Power delivered through electrochemical cells
  (cell stacks)
• Power and energy are de-coupled - adding tanks
  increases capacity
• Also known as
• Reversible fuel cells
• RedOx batteries

Diagram of Plurions 65kW module
5
Some Flow Battery Chemistries

• The concept is not new and numerous flow battery
  chemistries have been evaluated.
• With the exception of Plurions technology all
  are now public domain
• AICs strategy was to time formation of Plurion
  and patent filings to the emergence of real
  markets

6
Plurion - a plurality of ions

• Consequently, Plurion has patent protection for a
  unique platform of redox flow batteries
• Each builds on Plurions core patents, AICs IP
  portfolio and a growing platform of proven
  materials and equipment
• Plurions technology platform is based on the use
  of an organic acid (MSA) in a flow battery
• This environmentally friendly acid makes it
  possible to produce much higher concentrations of
  dissolved metal ions than is possible with
  mineral acids in turn this provides for higher
  energy and power densities.
• MSA also makes it possible to utilize novel metal
  ion combinations (known as a RedOx couple)
  which have a high cell voltage but are not
  possible with mineral acids.
• This positions Plurion as the only Flow Battery
  company holding patents of matter in its core
  chemistries

7
Some of the Flow Battery IP owned by Plurion
8
Some of Plurions Patent Filings
AP patent approved and published A
approved but not published Pen patent still
being examined C continuation of approved
patent.
9
Putting this in perspective
Comparative cost analysis assuming equivalent
volume production each using a manufactured
product
10
Product Vision

• 250kW plug and play units based on 65kW
  sub-module
• Competitive Role Model
• Simple cycle gas turbine peak plant
• Reliable, manufactured, mission critical
• Leased not sold

Layout of 250kW module
Layout of 65kW sub-module