LEAD

1
LEAD

• ABSORPTION
• Inhalation (40)
• Ingestion (10)
• Skin (organic ) Absorbed in the body
  circulate in the blood deposited in
  bones,nerves,teeth and hair

2
LEAD

• COMMON USES
• Batteries.
• Radiator repair.
• Ammunition.
• Radiation Shielding.
• Paints.
• Manufacture of petrol additives

3
LEAD

• MAIN HEALTH EFFECTS
• Gastro intestinal (pain, vomiting,constipation).
• Anaemia.
• Neuromuscular (wrist drop).
• Damage to kidneys.
• Damage to nerves and brain.
• Damage to fetus (brain, nerves).
• Reproductive disorders (male). abnormal
  decreased in number of sperm

4
Health effects

• In children( 40ugm)
• Impaired I.Q.
• Psychomotor Retardation

5

• CONTROLS
• Apply hierarchy of controls. E.S.E.I.E.W.P
• Examples of substitution
• (i) replacements for most lead products in
  paints.
• (ii) lead free petrol (substitute benzene).
• Engineering controls (exhaust ventilation).
• Personal protection (respirator, gloves,
  coveralls).
• Note Women who may fall pregnant need special
  protection.

6
LEGISLATION(FMD Lead Regulation 1984 )

• LEGISLATION ( FMD Lead regulation 1984 )
• PEL 150 ug/m3 in 8 hours of work ( TWA )
• Action level 75 ug/m3 TWA.
• Atmospheric monitoring required (gt action level).
• Engineering controls, work practices required to
  control exposure.
• Respiratory protection and other PPE.

7
Health Surveillance

• All employees exposed to or at action level for
  more than 30 days a year.
• Biological monitoring
• lt40ugm/100 6 mthly
• 40-59ugm/100 3 mthly
• 60-79ugm/100 mthly
• gt 80ugm/100 remove.