I. European Trade With China

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I. European Trade With China
Chap 15.4 Encounters in East Asia
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A. Strict Limits on Trade
Portuguese traders reached China in 1514 the
Ming allowed them to build a trading post at Macao
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A. Strict Limits on Trade
Because European goods were inferior - the
Chinese demanded payment in gold or silver
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A. Strict Limits on Trade
All trade was supervised by Chinese officials -
Europeans had to leave when the trading season
ended
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B. Scholars and Missionaries
Some Europeans like Jesuit priest Matteo Ricci,
made a positive impression on Ming China
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B. Scholars and Missionaries
Ricci learned Chinese and adopted Chinese dress,
but had little success spreading religion
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II. The Manchu Conquest
1644 - Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it
their capital
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A. Qing Rule
The Manchu established the Qing (pure) dynasty
- two important rulers were Kangxi and his
grandson Qianlong
Emperor Kangxi
Emperor Qianlong
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A. Qing Rule
Kangxi ruled 61 years and spread Chinese power
and culture into Central Asia
Kangxi (1661 1722)
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A. Qing Rule
Qianlong ruled for 60 years, expanded China's
borders, and ruled the largest area in China's
history
Manchu ruled China Qing dynasty (1644-1911AD) -
last imperial dynasty in China
Qianlong (1735 1796)
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A. Qing Rule

• To keep the dynasty pure, intermarriage and
• footbinding were prohibited

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B. Prosperity
The economy grew, new crops from the Americas
boosted farm output, and the population boomed
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B. Prosperity
European demand for Chinese goods and handicrafts
increased
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C. Response to Westerners
Restricting foreign trade proved disastrous - in
the 1800s China learned about western advances
the hard way
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III. Korea and Isolation
A Japanese invasion in the 1590s devastated the
land of Korea
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III. Korea and Isolation
1636 - the Manchus conquered Korea and Korea
became a tributary state
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III. Korea and Isolation
1500s and 1600s - Korea restricted outside
contacts and became known as the "Hermit Kingdom
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
The Portuguese reached Japan in 1543, followed by
the Spanish, Dutch, and English
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
At first, Japan was more open to European
missionaries like Francis Xavier than China
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
The Tokugawa shoguns became hostile and saw
foreigners as agents of an invading force
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
They expelled missionaries and executed thousands
of Japanese Christians
The Christian Martyrs of Nagasaki (16-17th
century Japanese painting)
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
By 1638, the Tokugawas barred all western
merchants, forbid Japanese travel abroad and
outlawed the building of large ships
Tokugawa Leyasu, first shogun of the Tokugawa
Shogunate
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
They permitted one or two Dutch ships a year to
trade at a small island in Nagasaki harbor
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IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
Japan maintained a policy of strict isolation
until it was forced to reopen contacts with the
western world in 1853