Chapter 9: CRITERIA

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Chapter 9 CRITERIA

• Work design requires tradeoff of multiple
  criteria.
• These are vague and no explicit tradeoff
  equations are available.

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CRITERIA

• Organizations
• Goals
• Limits
• Employees
• Physiological
• Maslows hierarchy
• Work Design Criteria

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ORGANIZATIONS

• Goals
• Organization goals include survival and growth.
• Survival is the first rule of any organization.
• Organizations have to have the breakeven and in
  most cases much more otherwise its almost
  impossible to exist
• Profits / gt Costs
• Make or Buy Decisions

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ORGANIZATIONS
The second rule is Growth Social organisms such
as auto manufacturer, universities, hospitals and
governments are composed of replaceable parts
and attempt to grow and keep growing. Generally
in business, Net Income, ROI, Share market etc
are the main criterion to follow a companys
growth
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ORGANIZATIONS
Limits There are often limits imposed by society
but also sometimes by public opinion or religious
and moral values. Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) Public influences changes decisions
through laws concerning issues like pollution and
safety (EPA)
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EMPLOYEES
The organizational goals are affected by the
goals of the employees .
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EMPLOYEES
Self Actualization
Maslows Hierarchy
Personal fulfillment Max. Self confidence
Ego
Reputation Power Recognition
Social
Job Status Group relations
Safety
Job security Seniority rights
Physiological
Food, shelter,rest
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Physiological Needs
Employees naturally want to work with the least
stress The first and foremost thing to see is
whether the salary is going to pay you enough for
food, shelter and little recreation.
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Safety Needs

• Job Security
• Peace of Mind
• Supervisory Practices (equal opportunity
  employer)
• Seniority Rights

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Social Wants

• Job Status
• Enjoyment of work
• Social interactions
• Group relations
• Knowledge of group goals

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Ego Wants

• Reputation
• Challenge(Job Enlargement--horizontal)
• Recognition(Job Enrichment-vertical)
• Competence
• Responsibility

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Self Actualization

• Personal fulfillment
• Realization of potential
• Liberalization of creativity
• Maximum self confidence
• Also, a happy worker is not a productive one
  always)

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WORK DESIGN CRITERIA
There are eight foundations to job design
Foundation 1 People vary (height,
strength) Foundation 2 People are more
educated (encourage participation) Foundation 3
People want to say (Democracy and
brainstorming) Foundation 4 The world is
becoming smaller (faster communication, faster
transportation)
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WORK DESIGN CRITERIA
Foundation 5 Machines are becoming more
capable (Mundane jobscost benefit
analysis) Foundation 6 Safety and health are
more important (Man hours with no
accident) Foundation 7 Job specialization is
increasing More cognitive.. Engineers..) Foundatio
n 8 Jobs are more interrelated
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WORK DESIGN CRITERIA
These foundations gave rise to six criteria of
Job Design
Criteria 1 Safety is first Criteria 2 Make the
machine user-friendly Criteria 3 Reduce the
percent excluded by the design (m/c can be used
by any gender, strength) Criteria 4 Design jobs
to be cognitive and social(job enrichment,
enlargement) Criteria 5 Emphasize
communication Criteria 6 Use machines to extend
human performance