Major Disease Risk

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Major Disease Risk
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Anatomy of the Heart

• Atria are the smaller chambers of the heart.
  Blood enters the atria first.
• Ventricles are the larger chambers of the heart.
  Blood travels from the atria to the ventricles.
• Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood
  away from the heart.
• Veins are blood vessels that transport blood back
  to the heart.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.

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Anatomy of the Heart

• Pulmonary refers to the lungs. Blood travels to
  the lungs from the heart to get oxygen into the
  blood stream.
• Coronary refers to the heart. Helps
  differentiate which direction blood is traveling.
• Myocardium is the name given to the actual heart
  muscle that does the work.
• Pericardium is the outer covering of the heart.

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Do You Have to Worry about Heart Disease Already?

• There are controllable and uncontrollable risk
  factors.
• Controllable risk factors are those that you can
  alter your risk level for. Tobacco use, dietary
  choices, lifestyle choices, and stress levels are
  4 of the major controllable risk factors that
  college students have to worry about.
• The patterns you develop in college will tend to
  follow you throughout your life.

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HD Prevention Physical Inactivity

• Entirely within your control!
• HD risk is higher for folks that dont exercise
  compared to those that do.
• Fitness level is more important than weight.
• The biggest increase in health benefits is for
  the folks that currently dont exercise. That is
  to say that you dont have to achieve a high
  level of fitness to earn a lower HD risk.

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HD Prevention Obesity

• Obesity is largely a combination of your activity
  level and your dietary choices.
• Weight loss at any age causes a lessening of your
  HD risk.

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HD Prevention Tobacco Use

• Smoking is the 1 risk factor for HD!
• 250,000 deaths from CV disease / year directly
  related to smoking.
• Smokers who do have a heart attack are more
  likely to die from it than non-smokers.
• Cigar smoking results in a lower, but still
  significant risk.
• 2nd hand smoke results in a 25 increase in your
  HD risk.
• Good news Quitting smoking immediately reduces
  your risk up to 50. After 18 years of
  non-smoking, your risk is equal to that of a
  non-smoker.

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HD Prevention Elevated Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure is a measure of the resistance
  your vessels have to blood flowing through them.
• High Blood Pressure is called hypertension.
• The higher your blood pressure the higher your
  risk for HD.
• Control BP through diet, exercise, and medication
  if those dont work.

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HD Prevention Blood Lipids

• Blood Lipids are made up of three parts
• High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) often referred
  to as good cholesterol. HDL has the most
  protein and has a preventative effect on HD
  because HDL picks up excess cholesterol molecules
  in the blood and transports them to the liver for
  removal.
• Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) also carries
  cholesterol in the blood but deposits it on the
  walls of arteries. Also VLDL which is Very-Low
  DL.
• Triglycerides fats that flow through the blood,
  especially after meals. These pose a larger
  problem for women.

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HD Prevention Psychosocial Factors

• This is referring to stress levels. It is not
  how much stress you have in your life, rather how
  well you respond to those stressful situations
  that we all encounter.
• Three main types of stress
• Chronic nearly constant long-lasting stress
  (job).
• Episodic nearly constant for short bursts (new
  job, moving, having a child).
• Acute smaller scale, small time period (burnt
  dinner, broken shoe lace, spilled coffee).

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HD Prevention Uncontrollable Factors

• Heredity
• Race / Ethnicity
• Age
• Gender

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HD Prevention Heredity

• Parents, siblings, other close relatives that
  suffered heart attacks before 50 years old
  increase your risk of HD.
• Blood Lipids are one of the major hereditary
  factors associated with HD.

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HD Prevention Race/Ethnicity

• Minorities in America experience HD more.
• 4 in 10 African Americans (AA) have HD.
• AA twice as likely as whites to develop HD.
• AA suffer strokes of greater severity and at
  earlier ages.
• Poverty may be the ultimate issue and not race,
  but that link is not fully supported by science.

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HD Prevention Age

• 4 of 5 folks that die from a heart attack are
  over 65 years old.
• Decreased cardiovascular function is not
  inevitable. You must focus on what you can
  control and that can help alleviate the age risk
  factor.

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HD Prevention Gender

• HD used to be a mens issue. Men have increased
  incidence of HD before age 45 than compared to
  women.
• Male pattern baldness increases risk for those
  under 55.
• Menopause sharply increases the risk for HD.

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Healthy Numbers

• Hypertension
• 115 / 75.
• Cholesterol
• LDL
• HDL 40 is the minimum 60 has a preventative
  effect. Some folks liken having HDL 60 to
  being able to delete another risk factor.
• Triglycerides

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Terminology of Heart Disease

• Arteriosclerosis is the general term for any
  impairment of blood flow through the vessels.
  Involves some hardening of the arteries.
• Atherosclerosis a disease of the lining of the
  arteries.
• Plaque deposits of fat, fibrin, cholesterol,
  other cell parts, and calcium that results in a
  narrowing of the arteries.
• Myocardial Infarction is the medical term for a
  heart attack.

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Major Disease Risk

• Is it a heart attack?
• Tight ache, heavy, squeezing pain in center of
  chest 30 minutes not lessened by rest.
• Chest pain radiating to shoulder, arm, neck,
  back, or jaw.
• Anxiety.
• Sweating OR cold clammy skin.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Shortness of breath.
• Dizziness, fainting, or loss of consciousness.

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Major Disease Risk Stroke

• Strokes occur when blood supply to a portion of
  the brain is blocked.
• 53 seconds that is the amount of time that
  elapses in the U.S. between folks that have
  strokes.
• 20 of stroke victims die within 3 months.
• 50 are at least partially paralyzed on half the
  body.
• 20 cant walk again.
• HD, Cancer, Stroke that is the order of cause of
  death in the U.S.

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Major Disease Risk Stroke Risks

• Uncontrollable Risk Factors
• Gender, race, age.
• Controllable Risk Factors
• Hypertension, high red blood cell count, heart
  disease, blood fats, diabetes mellitus, estrogen
  therapy.

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Major Disease Risk Cancer

• The uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal
  cells causes cancer. The nucleus of the original
  cell loses control and the abnormal cell
  replicates more of itself.
• Benign group of abnormal cells but not
  considered life-threatening.
• Malignant is the kind of abnormal cells that are
  classified as cancerous. These are bad.
• Infiltration or Invasion is the process of
  crowding out and replacing of healthy cells with
  the abnormal cells.
• Metastasize the spreading of cancer cells that
  started in one location and move to other parts
  of the body.

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Are You at Risk for Developing Cancer?

• 1 in 2 men develop cancer during their life.
• Women a 1 in 3 risk.
• Smokers have a 10 times greater risk to develop
  cancer than do non-smokers!

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Cancer Risk Factors Uncontrollable

• Heredity
• Race / Ethnicity
• AA more cases of cancer 30 more likely to
  die.
• Obesity
• 14 men and 20 women deaths from caner linked
  to obesity.
• Infectious agents account for 17 of cancers
  worldwide.

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Cancer Risk Factors Controllable

• Tobacco
• Cigarettes are the single largest cause!
• Nutrition
• The relationship of nutrition to cancer is
  complex and ever changing. Certain foods are
  linked to certain types of cancers.
• Food preparation may play the largest role.
  Avoid pesticides on your fruits and vegetables
  cured, pickled, or smoked meats.
• Charcoal grilling releases toxins similar to
  those found in cigarette smoking.

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Cancer Risk Factors Controllable

• Obesity
• 1 in 6 cancer deaths.
• Excess weight may account for 14-20 of all
  cancers.
• Rate of weight gain also plays a role.
• Environmental Risks
• Environmental factors may cause between 80 90
  of cancers.
• Carcinogens cancer causing chemicals.
• Dark colored permanent hair dye has long been
  linked to cancer, but current research is less
  supportive of the link.

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Types of Cancer

• Carcinoma most-common skin cancer and the
  lining of internal organs and glands.
• Sarcoma supporting or connective tissues of the
  body bones, muscles, blood vessels.
• Leukemia blood forming tissues bone marrow,
  lymph nodes, spleen.
• Lymphoma cells of the lymph system.

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Helpful Hints

• Dont use tobacco!
• Stay in shape and remain physically active!
• Dont use tobacco!
• Stay in shape and remain physically active!
• Eat a healthy diet, taking into consideration how
  food is prepared.
• Please realize how many risk factors for major
  diseases are related to tobacco obesity. You
  can control both!