History of aerosol measurements from space where do we go from here

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History of aerosol measurements from space -
where do we go from here? Yoram Kaufman

• Dust, smoke, sea salt or pollution particles
  suspended in the air
• - Why aerosols? - climate, air quality
• - From hand held camera on Vostok 6 in 1963 to
  multi-spectral, polarization and lidars
• - Exponential rate of publications
• 20 year record on some satellites
• GSFC contribution AVHRR, TOMS, MODIS, GLASS
  Glory.
• Maturity Review papers in Science and Nature
• inclusion in air quality and climate models

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Why aerosol ? - climate
Aerosol lifetime - 1 week
Greenhouse gases lifetime 10-100 years
The stronger the aerosol effect is today the
stronger the greenhouse effect will emerge in the
future (Andreae, Nature2005)
Hansen Sato, 2001
1.81 W/m2
Cooling Warming
2.60.3 W/m2
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Sept 9
Sept 10
Operational use of satellites to monitoring air
pollution
No EPA sites MODIS fills in
Sept 11
Sept 12
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The aerosol roadmap
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Quick history of aerosol research
2000s aerosol climatology, aerosol-cloud
interaction, effect on the hydrological cycle,
20yr record
2004 OMI
2003 GLAS
2002 GLI
1999 MODIS, MISR
1990s Satellites designed for aerosol research
POLDER, ATSR, MODIS, MISR
1996-2004 POLDER
1991 ATSR
1980s Burst in aerosol research transport,
effect on climate stratospheric aerosol, aerosol
over land
1984 Earth Radiation budget satellites
1978-1981 AVHRR, TOMS SAGE,
1976 dust-gr/m2 - Landsat
1975 GOES-VISSR
1972 ATS III dust transport
1972 Landsat,
1967 Sekera aerosol from satellites
polarization meas.
1967 ATS III
1965 stratospheric aerosol profiles from Vostok
6 - Rosenberg and Tereshkova
1963 Vostok 6
6
1980s
Burst in aerosol research transport, effect on
climate stratospheric aerosol, aerosol over
land most cited
Stratospheric aerosol MCCORMICK MP, HAMILL P,
PEPIN TJ, et al. SATELLITE STUDIES OF THE
STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL BULL AMER MET SOC 1979
Cited 158 RUSSELL PB, SWISSLER TJ, MCCORMICK
MP, et al. SATELLITE AND CORRELATIVE MEASUREMENTS
OF THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL .1. AN OPTICAL-MODEL
FOR DATA CONVERSIONS J ATMOSPH SCI 1981 Cited 69
RUSSELL PB, MCCORMICK MP, SWISSLER TJ, et al.
SATELLITE AND CORRELATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF THE
STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL .2. COMPARISON OF
MEASUREMENTS MADE BY SAM-II, DUSTSONDES AND AN
AIRBORNE LIDAR  J ATMOSPH SCI 1981 Cited 62
Tropospheric aerosol FRASER RS, KAUFMAN YJ,
MAHONEY RL SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL MASS
AND TRANSPORT ATMOS ENVIRON 1984 Cited
71 KAUFMAN YJ SATELLITE SENSING OF AEROSOL
ABSORPTION  JGR 1987 Cited 43 NORTON CC,
MOSHER FR, HINTON B, et al. A MODEL FOR
CALCULATING DESERT AEROSOL TURBIDITY OVER THE
OCEANS FROM GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE DATA J APPL
METEOR 1980 Cited 43
GOES
AVHRR
GOES
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BAMS 1979, Cited 158
Cited 181
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1990s Stratospheric aerosol, AVHRR, TOMS,
SeaWifs and preparation for POLDER, MODIS and
MISR (most cited) Herman JR, Bhartia PK, Torres
O, et al. Global distribution of UV-absorbing
aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data  JGR 1997 (314)
Husar RB, Prospero JM, Stowe LL
Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over
the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high
resolution radiometer optical thickness
operational product  JGR 1997 (286) DESCHAMPS
PY, BREON FM, LEROY M, et al. THE POLDER MISSION
- INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND SCIENTIFIC
OBJECTIVES  IEEE TGRS 1994 (244) MCCORMICK MP,
VEIGA RE SAGE-II MEASUREMENTS OF EARLY PINATUBO
AEROSOLS  GRL, 1992 (238) GORDON HR, WANG MH
RETRIEVAL OF WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE AND AEROSOL
OPTICAL-THICKNESS OVER THE OCEANS WITH SEAWIFS -
A PRELIMINARY ALGORITHM  APPL OPT, 1994 (195)
KING MD, KAUFMAN YJ, MENZEL WP, et
al.REMOTE-SENSING OF CLOUD, AEROSOL, AND
WATER-VAPOR PROPERTIES FROM MODIS  IEEE TGRS 1992
(194) Tanre D, Kaufman YJ, Herman M, et al
.Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans
using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances  JGR 1997
(157)
TOMS
AVHRR
POLDER
SAGE
SeaWifs

MODIS
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Reviews, inclusion in field experiments,
transport models and start of long term
climatology
2000s
Field experiments including surface aircraft and
satellite Ramanathan V, Crutzen PJ, Lelieveld J,
et al. Indian Ocean Experiment An integrated
analysis of the climate forcing and effects of
the great Indo-Asian haze  JGR 2001 (180) Reviews
Ramanathan V, Crutzen PJ, Kiehl JT, et al.
Atmosphere - Aerosols, climate, and the
hydrological cycle SCIENCE 2001 (194) Kaufman
YJ, Tanre D, Boucher O A satellite view of
aerosols in the climate system  NATURE 2002 (145)
Results in impact journals Satheesh SK,
Ramanathan V Large differences in tropical
aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and
Earth's surface  NATURE 2000 (127) Use to develop
aerosol transport models Ginoux P, Chin M, Tegen
I, et al. Sources and distributions of dust
aerosols simulated with the GOCART model  JGR
2001 (115) Long term climatology Torres O,
Bhartia PK, Herman JR, et al. A long-term record
of aerosol optical depth from TOMS observations
and comparison to AERONET measurements  J ATMOS
SCIE 59 2002 (81) Prospero JM, Ginoux P, Torres
O, et al. Environmental characterization of
global sources of atmospheric soil dust
identified with the TOMS absorbing aerosol
product  REVIEWS OF GEOPH 2002 (73)
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Long-term record on aerosol optical depth from
TOMS observations
(Torres et al, JAS, 2002)
India
AOT
Massie et al., JGR, 2004
JQSRT 2004
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AERONET - a grounded satellite
Holben BN, Eck TF, Slutsker I, et al. AERONET -
A federated instrument network and data archive
for aerosol characterization  REM SENS ENVIRON,
1998 Cited 486
Banizoumbou, Niger)
Dubovik O, Holben B, Eck TF, et al. Variability
of absorption and optical properties of key
aerosol types observed in worldwide locations  J
ATMOS SCIE 2002 Cited 200
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Kaufman, Tanré, Boucher, Nature 2002
Population lt--gt pollution
145
Girolamo et al GRL 2005
Polder 1996
C. Robles Gonzales2005
AOT ATSR 1999
Ångström
2001-2004
MISR
MODIS 2001
MODIS 2002
MODIS 2003
http//g0dup05u.ecs.nasa.gov/Giovanni/
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Dust transport and deposition observed from the
Terra-MODIS space observations, Kaufman, et al.,
J. Geophys. Res 2005
23080 tg of dust left Africa. - 12040 tg
deposited in the Atlantic - 4015 tg reach the
Amazon Basin - 7025 tg arrive to the
Caribbean. - 3010 tg return to Africa and
Europe
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Satellite derivation of the anthropogenic
component
MODIS 0.033 GOCART 0.030 LMDZ
0.032 SPRINTAS 0.036
Kaufman, Boucher, Tanre, Chin, Remer Takemura,
GRL, 2005
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Aerosol effect on cloud cover, covered by
Science, from AVHRR (1987) to MODIS (2004)
Science 1987
Koren, et al., Biomass Burning Aerosol Inhibition
of Cloud Formation over the Amazon Science, 2004.
(89)
(30)
Amazon
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WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
Long term data series
Lidars, wide spectral polarimeters
Multi-satellite analysis lt--gt transport and
climate models
2010
Launch and design of aerosol sensors
Extensive use of satellites not designed for
trop. aerosol
Hydrology
Climate change
Radiation
First applications
Clouds
Chemistry
Aerosols
precipitation
First measurements
Surface