The Management Pioneers

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TheManagement Pioneers
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• Born Dec. 26, 1791 in London, England
• In 1812, went to Trinity College, Cambridge, but
  transferred to Peterhouse in 1812.
• English Mathematician
• Father of the Modern Computer
• Created the first mechanical calculator

(1792-1871)
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• Helped develop the concept of specialization of
  labor and profit sharing.
• Profit Sharing The sharing of profits with
  employees. Used as an incentive plan, usually
  including bonuses, to motivate workers.
• Specialization of Labor Dividing of labor among
  workers to increase productivity.

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• Modern Day Use
• Profit sharing and specialization of labor has
  been applied to the majority of businesses in the
  world. There is always an assigned role for each
  worker and workers often receive perks to their
  job, such as bonuses and recognition, as
  motivation.

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• Place of Residence-
• Erfurt, Germany
• Occupation-
• Sociologist Economist
• Theory
• Rational Bureaucracy- A formal organization with
  defined objectives, a hierarchy of specialized
  roles, and a systematic process administration

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• Businesses are split into divisions
• Employees perform specialized tasks
• Hierarchical authority is required for management
  to run efficiently
• Rational bureaucracies must be run by strict
  rules and principles
• Present-day
• His principles are still used in modern
  sociology most businesses are divided into
  branches that are each in charge of specialized
  tasks.

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• Born in Danzig, Germany on June 1, 1863
• Grew up in an atmosphere of broad and intelligent
  thinking and reverence for the arts.
• Attended the University of Leipzig and majored in
  Psychology and medicine
• In 1885, he received a Ph. D degree in Psychology
  and in 1887 his medical degree
• Appointed exchange professor for Harvard to the
  University of Berlin.

(1863 -1916)
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• Pioneer in the field of Industrial/
  Organizational (IO), Experimental, and Clinical
  Psychology
• In his work in IO psychology, he looked at
  problems with monotony, attention, fatigue,
  physical and social influences on the working
  power, the effects of advertising, and the future
  development of economic psychology.
• Published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency in
  1913
• Believed that harmony among nations could be
  brought about only by nurturing cultural ties
  between them.

• Modern Day Use
• Still vital to businesses to apply IO psychology
  to workers in order for companies to run
  smoothly.

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• Place of Residence- London, England
• Achievements- Chair of the Womens Municipal
  League Committee, opened the East Boston High
  School Social Center, Vice-President of the
  National Community Center Association, popular
  business writer and lecturer.

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• Occupation- social worker, writer and speaker
• Mother of conflict resolution
• Theory- Human relations are equal to the
  mechanical operational parts of management.
• Stressed interaction of management workers.
• Present-day
• Employers often hold meetings with employees and
  interact with them regularly.

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• Place of Residence Malden, Massachusetts.
• Born November 7th, 1886- June 7th, 1961.
• Occupation first job was a farm worker. In 1909
  he was an employee at ATT phone and telegraph
  company. 1927 he became president of the New
  Jersey Bell telephone company. Chester studied
  economics at Harvard.

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• Organizational Theories
• Theory of Authority- Managers should treat
  workers respectfully and competently to obtain
  authority.
• Theory of Incentives- The specific inducements.
• -1) Material inducement such as money. 2)
  Personal non-material opportunities. 3) desirable
  physical conditions of work. 4) Ideal
  benefactions, such as pride of workmanship.
• Gave great importance to persuasion.

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• Present-day
• All of these theories are used in a well
  developed business. They are used by the managers
  to help keep control of a company and their
  employees. They make sure all communication is
  clear between the workers and the managers.