MICROQUASARS

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MICROQUASARS

• Felix Mirabel
• CEA-Saclay/France IAFE-BsAs/Argentina

SACLAY
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BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE(Astrophysical black
holes)

• Black Holes are not visible and until a few years
  ago they were a product of an act of faith
  (Rees). Act of faith is the evidence of the non
  visible (Saint Paul).
• Before they became astrophysical objects they
  were first conceived as purely theoretical
  objects.

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BLACK HOLE Idea first proposed by John
Michell in 1783 (Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society)
IN THE CONTEXT OF CORPUSCULAR THEORY OF LIGHT
suppose the particles of light to be attracted
in the same manner as all other bodies THERE
SHOULD EXIST BLACK HOLES there should exist in
nature bodieslight could not arrive at
us DETECTED BY THE MOTION OF COMPANION
STARS we might still perhaps from the motions
of these revolving bodies infer the existence of
the central objects with some degree of
probability
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STELLAR-MASS AND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
BLACK HOLES MAY EXIST tous ces corps devenus
invisibles IN VERY LARGE NUMBERS Il existe
donc dans les espaces celestes, des corps
obscurs aussi considerables, et peut etre en
aussi grand nombre, que les etoiles. THE
LARGEST OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE ne lesserait
en vertu de son attraction, parvenir aucun de
ses rayons jusqa nous il est donc possible que
les plus grands corps lumineux de lunivers,
soient par cela meme, invisibles.
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RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY
LIGHT IS DEFLECTED AND l MODIFIED IRRESPECTIVE
OF THE CORPUSCULAR OR WAVE INTERPRETATION
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BLACK HOLES IN THE XX CENTURY
Einstein
Schwarzchild
Eddington
Chandrasekhar
Oppenheimer
Theory of gravitation black holes should exist

Horizon Rs 2 G M/c 3 M/ M? km
White dwarfs Rwd RT
Limit of mass for white dwarfs Mwd lt 1.4 M? ?
Neutron stars M gt 1.4 M? R 20 km Black
holes M gt 3 M?
Black holes have mass, angular momentum, charge
(?), but no material surface
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STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES
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SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
Kinematics of the Ha line with HST ? MBH 108
M? in M 87

• H2O masers with VLBA
• MBH 107 M? in NGC 4248

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MASSIVE GALAXIES HOST SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES

• HOW ARE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES FORMED ?
• ARE THERE BHs OF INTERMEDIATE MASS (102- 104 M?)
  ?

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BLACK HOLE IN THE GALACTIC CENTRE
Eckart Genzel (IR with ESO)
Ghez, Morris et al. (IR with Keck)

• Must be a single object with MBH 2.6 x 106 M?
• Is it an annihilation source of ee- at 511 keV ?

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GRANAT SURVEY OF THE GALACTIC CENTRE
GRANAT 20 keV 1 MeV
75-150 keV image for 1990-1997
VERY LARGE ARRAY
In 1990-97 Sgr A was silent (Goldrwum et al.) ?
ADAF (Narayan et al.)
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QUASARS MICROQUASARS
Mirabel, Rodriguez, Paul, et al. 1992
Quasar/radio galaxy
Microquasar 1E1740.7-2942

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QUASAR-MICROQUASAR ANALOGY


QUASAR MICROQUASAR
Mirabel Rodriguez, Nature 1998

• The scales of length and time
• are proportional to MBH
• Rsh 2GMBH/c2 DT a MBH
• The maximum color temperature of the accretion
  disk is Tcol a (M/ 10M?)-1/4
• ? MICROQUASARS HAD TO WAIT THE ERA OF HIGH ENERGY
  ASTROPHYSICS

BASED ON PHYSICS, NOT JUST ON MORPHOLOGY
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INTEGRAL WILL BE LAUNCHED IN OCTOBER 17 2002
IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY AT 20 KeV 10 MeV PLUS
ON BOARD X-RAY AND OPTICAL IMAGING SCHEDULE OF
GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY WILL BE KNOWN IN ADVANCE
? MUTIWAVELENGTH WORLD-WIDE NETWORK TO MONITOR
GALACTIC GAMMA-RAY SOURCES SIMULTANEOUSLY FROM
THE GROUND AND SPACE MULTIWAVELENGHT
INTEGRAL NETWORK (MINE)