DisasterOr Catastrophe

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Disaster? Or Catastrophe?
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Forest Eco System

• Resource rich areas inhabited by resource poor
  people
• Sustainable livelihood of these communities is
  under threat due to indiscriminate resource
  depletion.
• effects of mining in local habitats
• commercialisation of agriculture and impact on
  vegetation in the long run (particularly
  fertilisers and pesticides)
• effects of deforestation on environment
• depletion of groundwater resources
• Role that indigenous communities have played in
  conserving forests needs to be recognised.

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Coastal Zones

• Simulation models show an increase in frequencies
  of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal
  particularly intense events are projected during
  the post-monsoon period
• Sea level rise is projected to displace
  populations in coastal zones, increase flooding
  in low-lying coastal areas, loss of crop yields
  from inundation and salinization.

7500 km coast line
Vulnerable areas along the Indian Coast due to
SLR
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Coastal Eco System

• Threat of displacement due to sea level rise
• Threat of intensification of disasters
• Effects on the marine life and plant/crop life
• Seawater being polluted by toxic chemical waste
  discharged from industries
• Accumulation of carbon dioxide destroys the
  natural food chains and fisheries in the Bay
• Acquaculture poses major threat to mangroves of
  the dying out of phyto plankton which are said to
  absorb carbon dioxide floating on the surface.
• The dying out of phyto plankton which are said to
  absorb carbon dioxide floating on the surface.

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Climate Change and Mountainous region

•  Basic manifestations
• Increasing number of glacier retreats. incidents
  of landslides, river regimes and floods increase
  in in time due to global warming if glaciers
  disappear, the rivers will dry upnd entire flora
  and fauna of about 500 million people will be
  affected. 
• Impact of overexploitation of resources on local
  climate and ecology 
• Loss of bio-diversity esp rare species of
  medicinal plants, 
• Stress on traditional agriculture, 
• Increase in natural disasters which are climate
  induced earthquakes, landslides and avalanches,
  floods and droughts

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Arid region 

• Once resource rich areas now have become arid.
• Rainfall has decreased over time in the arid
  regions thus affecting crop production.
• Reduced production has resulted in over
  exploitation of land resources and has further
  exacerbated the depletion of forests.
• Forest fires have increased,
• Increase in bald hills and denuded areas,
• Accelerated soil erosion, gullies,
• Sand casting of agricultural land in lower
  reaches,
• Siltation of the traditional water harvesting
  structures

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Urban Areas

• Two basic sources affecting climate changes are
• Effluents from Industries.
• Emissions from the automobiles.
• Major threat to local populations is related to
  health      
• Air mobility has increased dramatically in the
  last decade due to an increasing middle class

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Underlying Concerns

• Inter-linkage between exploitation of natural
  resources, climate change and poverty
• Unmet development needs of the poor conflict with
  the aspirations of the rich
• Share of Non-conventional energy in energy
  consumption is very low
• CDM Projects have little relevance with
  sustainable development from the macro and micro
  perspective
• Climate Change negotiations are disappointing

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Key Vulnerable River Basins
Acute physical water scarce conditions Constant
water scarcities and shortage Seasonal / regular
water stressed conditions Rare water shortages
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Agriculture

• Decrease in yield of crops as temperature
  increases in different parts of India - For
  example a a 2C increase in mean air temperature,
  rice yields could decrease by about 0.75
  ton/hectare in the high yield areas and by about
  0.06 ton/hectare in the low yield coastal
  regions.
• Major impacts of climate change will be on rain
  fed crops (other than rice and wheat), which
  account for nearly 60 of cropland area. In India
  poorest farmers practice rain fed agriculture.
• The loss in farm-level net revenue will range
  between 9 and 25 for a temperature rise of
  2-3.5C.

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Health
Malaria is likely to persist in many states and
new regions at hogher latitudes may become
malaria-prone The duration of the malaria
transmission windows is likely to widen in
northern and western states and shorten in
southern states.
Regions likely to be affected by malaria in 2050s
Endemic regions of malaria